Bacillus anthracis

• Kingdom (domain): Monera (prokaryote)
• Common Name: Anthrax
• Etiology: Direct contact with endospores or live bacteria
• Tx: B-lactamase antibiotics like Penicillin
• Notes: 3 types - cutaneous, pulmonary, and GI
  

Anabeana

• Kingdom (domain): Monera (archaea)
• Common Name: Cyanobacteria (Blue green algae)
• Etiology: N/A
• Tx: N/A
• Notes: responsible for the first formation of the Earth's early atmosphere; makes O2; energy from light; Nitrogen fixers
  

Clostridium tetani

• Kingdom (domain): Monera (prokaryote)
• Common Name: Tetanus
• Etiology: Enters through wound in the skin (i.e. rusty nail)
  
• Tx: Tetanus vaccine
  
• Notes: Death through permanent contraction of muscles; defining characteristic = terminal - endospores
  

Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Kingdom (domain): Monera (prokaryote)
• Common Name: Strep
• Etiology: Bacterial meningitis, also pneumonia spreads via respiratory droplets
  
• Tx: Pneumonococcal vaccine
  
• Notes: Alpha - hemolytic; "long chains"
  

Paramecium caudatum

• Kingdom (domain): Protista (eukaryote)
  
• Common Name: Paramecium
• Etiology: N/A
• Tx: N/A
• Notes: Paramecium eats bacteria
  

Bacterium Model

• Nucleoid = cranberry red tangled mass in the center
  
• Flagellum = pipe cleaner on one end
• Fimbriae = short plastic projections off model
  
• Cell membrane = egg yolk yellow inner line
• Cell wall = wide green space
• Glycocalyx = outside layer
• Ribosomes = blue dots
  

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

• Kingdom (domain): Fungi (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Baker's Yeast
• Etiology: N/A
• Tx: N/A
• Notes: Bread, beer, and crackers are products; this is a "model organism" for biotechnology and genetic research
  

Corynebacterium diptheriae

• Kingdom (domain): Monera (prokaryote)
• Common Name: Diphtheria
• Etiology: Spread by direct contact or droplet transmission
  
• Tx: DPT vaccine, Diphtheria toxoid vaccine
  
• Notes: Streptobacilli
  

Rhizopus sporangium

• Kingdom (domain): Fungi (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Black bread mold
• Etiology: N/A
• Tx: N/A
• Notes: found in bread and fruit
  

Staphylococcus aureus

• Kingdom (domain): Monera (prokaryote)
• Common Name: Staph
• Etiology: Direct contact through humans and pets
  
• Tx: Vancomycin or Clindamycin
  
• Notes: MRSA and VRSA, resistant strains; "bunches of grapes"
  

Trypanasoma brucei gambiense

• Kingdom (domain): Protista (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Trypanasoma
• Etiology: Africa Sleeping Sickness
  
• Tx: No cure, only prevention
  
• Notes: x2 hosts - Tsetse fly and humans
  

Bacterial flagella

• Kingdom (domain): Monera (prokaryote)
• Common Name: Flagella (this arrangement is amphitrichous)
• Etiology: N/A
• Tx: N/A
• Notes: Learn all four types...!
  Monotrichous = one flagellum at end
  Lophotrichous = clump of flagella called a tuft at one end
  Amphitrichous = flagella at 2 ends of the cell
  Peritrichous = flagella covering entire cell
  

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

• Kingdom (domain): Monera (prokaryote)
• Common Name: Gonorrhoeae, the clapp - French derivative of "clapoir" meaning brothel
• Etiology: STD, direct contact
  
• Tx: Penicillin or Ceftriaxone
  
• Notes: Foul smelling purulent discharge
  

Plasmodium vivax

• Kingdom (domain): Protista (eukaryote)
• Common Name: N/A
• Etiology: Cause malaria
  
• Tx: Chloroquine
• Notes: Carried by female anopheles misquito; apicomplexan (nonmotile - with Schizogony life cycle)
  

Tapeworm proglottids

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Tapeworm
• Etiology: Various fecal / oral
  
• Tx: Praziquantel - antihelminthic
  
• Notes: Proglottids are shed in feces; gravid = full of eggs
  

Schistosoma japonicum

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Human blood fluke: origin from China
• Disease it causes: Schistosomiasis
  
• Tx: Praziquantel (a quinalene derivative)
  
• Notes: eggs are released in feces, they form miracidia which then infects a snail where sporocysis forms during asexual reproduction; then circaria are shed into the environment - this penetrates the host; these migrate to the mesentaric veins where they mate and lay eggs; the eggs die and calcify leading to fatal tissue damage; then the process starts over
  Schist = groove where the female and male blood fluke bind together
  

Ancylostoma caninum

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Dog hookworm
• Etiology: Penetrate skin, moves from circulatory to digestive system
  
• Tx: Albendazole
  
• Notes: Diagnosis is hookworm eggs in stool
  

Taenia solium

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Pork tapeworm
• Etiology: Consuming uncooked pork, ingesting gravid (egg-filled) proglottids
  
• Tx: Praziquantel (PZQ)
  
• Notes: Size, 2m - 30m
  

Enterobius vermicularis

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Human pin worm
• Etiology: Direct human transmission, fecal - oral route
  
• Tx: Albendazole
  
• Notes: Common s/s is perianal itching
  

Supra family - Pulicoidea

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Flea
• Etiology: Direct contact (bite); transmits Bubonic plague, Rickettsia typhi
  
• Tx: Permethrin lufenuron
  
• Notes: Can become settled in hair in 10 minutes
  

Echinococcus granulosus

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Hyatid worm (dog tape worm)
• Etiology: Fecal - oral route between sheep and dogs
  
• Tx: Surgery to remove cysts
  
• Notes: Hyatid cysts form from this tapeworm
  

Anopheles mosquito

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Mosquito
• Etiology: Carries plasmodium vivax - the causative agent of malaria
  
• Tx: Insecticides, prevention
  
• Notes: Heartguard for dogs (Ivermectin)
  

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Brown dog tick
• Etiology: Parasite,  feed on blood from animals
  
• Tx: Good personal hygiene and prevention with clothes and insect repellant
  
• Notes: Can transmit RMSF in humans
  

Diphyllobothrium latum

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Broad fish tape worm
• Etiology: Complicated life cycle with one or more intermediate hosts
  
• Tx: Praziquantel (PZQ)
  
• Notes: Scolex
  

Pediculus humanus

• Kingdom (domain): Animalia (eukaryote)
• Common Name: Human body louse
• Etiology: Direct contact with hair, clothing, or bedding
  
• Tx: Good personal hygiene, Permethrin
  
• Notes: Common human parasite; cause trench fever in poverty stricken areas
  

What disease spread through mid Europe?

What is the vector?

What is the causative agent?

Bubonic plague

Flea

Yersinia pestis

Clostridium botulinum

(30mg can kill everyone)

What is the deadliest type of malaria?

What does malaria mean?

Plasmodium falciparum

Mal-aria = bad air; "Swamp smells"

Who was the gram stain named after?

What is the negative stain we use in lab?

Hans Christian Gram

India Ink