Term
Enterobius vermicularis ova
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
(Pin Worm)
Fecal/oral route |
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Term
Ascaris lumbricoides fertilized ova
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
(Giant intestinal round worm)
Fecal/Oral route |
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Term
Necatur americanus ova
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
(Hook worm)
Penetrate intact skin from soil |
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Term
Trichinella spiralis larvae
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
(Tissue Parasite)
Undercooked pork |
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Term
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Definition
| Eating raw or undercooked infected fresh water fish |
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Term
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Definition
| while swimming in waterthey secrete and enzyme and burrow into unbroken skin |
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Term
| Taenia species proglottid |
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Definition
Body Segments
raw or undercooked infected Beef
raw or undercooked infected Pork |
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Term
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Definition
| raw or undercooked infected Pork eggs |
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Term
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Definition
disease by ingesting pork tapeworm eggs.
Eggs migrate as larvae to brain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Both sex organs (ovaries and testes) in a single organism |
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Term
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Definition
| Male and Female are seperate organisms |
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Term
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Definition
capable of locomotion
responsible for symptoms in a host |
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Term
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Definition
| resting, inactive stage that protects them by a thick wall that surrounds the organism |
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Term
Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites and cysts
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
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Term
Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
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Term
Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
ingest cysts from cat feces
eat raw or undercooked meat of infected animal
mother/fetus route |
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Term
Cryptosporidium oocyst
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
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Term
Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cyst
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
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Term
Balantidium coli trophozoites and cyst
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
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Term
Trypanosoma species trophozoites
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
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Term
Plasmodium species trophozoites
“route of transmission” |
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Definition
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Term
“disease” caused by:
Entamoeba histolytica |
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Definition
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Term
“disease” caused by:
Trypanosoma brucei |
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Definition
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Term
“disease” caused by:
Trypanosoma cruzi |
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Definition
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Term
“disease” caused by:
Plasmodium |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| orgainsms that are everywhere |
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Term
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Definition
| isolation of a single species of microbe |
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Term
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Definition
| all decendants of microbes from a single parent that reproduce asexually and are identical to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| cloudiness in a broth culture |
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Term
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Definition
| nutrient material suitable for cultivation of microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| pure culture transfered to a sterile culture |
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Term
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Definition
| handling microbes in such a manner so as to prevent contaminating lab media and to prevent infecting ourselves or classmates |
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Term
| State the criteria used to describe a bacterial colony |
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Definition
Shape
Margin (edge)
Elevation
Texture
Pigment or optical qualities |
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Term
| List, in order, the reagents used in the traditional gram stain procedure |
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Definition
Crystal Violet
Iodine
Acetone-Alcohol
Safranin |
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Term
| State the function of each reagent |
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Definition
Crystal Violet - primary stain
Iodine - combines with crystal violet in the cell
Acetone/Alcohol - decolorizer
Safranin - secondary stain |
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Term
| Explain the mechanism of the gram stain (why gram negative cells lose the primary dye during decolorization |
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Definition
| high lipid contenet will desolve in the ethanol causing the dye to leak out the cell wall |
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Term
| Explain the difference between a “simple” stain and a “differential” stain |
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Definition
Simple stain - stained with one dye to see shape
Differential stain - more than one dye to see difference in charicteristics |
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Term
| State two organisms that are identified using the acid-fast stain |
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Definition
Cryptosporidium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia
(large amount of lipid called mycolic acid) |
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Term
| Explain why certain organisms are “acid-fast |
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Definition
| large amount of lipid called mycolic acid |
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Term
| Differentiate between the decolorizer used in the acid-fast stain and the Gram stain |
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Definition
Acid-fast stain - Acid/Alcohol
Gram stain - Acetone/Alcohol |
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Term
| State, in order, the three reagents used in the acid-fast stain |
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Definition
Carbolfuchsin dye
Acid/Alcohol
Methylene Blue |
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Term
| two medically important genera of bacteria that produce endospores |
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Definition
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Term
| Differentiate the vegetative cell from the spore in a Schaffer-Fulton stain |
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Definition
vegetative cell - Red
Spores - Green |
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Term
| Describe the process used to stain the relatively impermeable endospores |
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Definition
1. Heat the slide in front of bactticinerator for 10 sec.
2. immidiately (while warm) flood the smear with malachite green. Leave for 10 min
3. Rinse with water
4. Flood the smear with Safranin. Leave for 2 min
5. Rinse with water and blot dry. |
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Term
| Differentiate between a negative stain and a positive stain |
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Definition
negative stain - Bachgroung is stained and organism is clear
positive stain - Clear backgound organism is stained |
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Term
| Describe the appearance of the bacteria and background of a negative-stained bacterial smear |
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Definition
| Bachgroung is stained and organism is clear |
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Term
| State two advantages of a negative stain over a positive stain |
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Definition
Don't have to heat fix so the organisms that distort with heat will not
can detect organism that cant be seen with a poositive stain |
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Term
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Definition
require 5-15% O2
10% increase of CO2
Candle jar meathod is good for this organism
thioglycollate broth growth pattern is a fourth the way down |
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Term
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Definition
Grow equally well in aerobic and anaerobic atmosphere
thioglycollate broth growth pattern is top to bottom |
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Term
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Definition
exist in O2 but doesn't use it for metablism
thioglycollate broth growth pattern is top to bottom |
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Term
| Obligate (strict) anaerobes |
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Definition
Die in the presence of O2
Gas pack jar meathod is good for this organism
thioglycollate broth growth pattern is on the bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| sodium thioglicollate combines with O2 to produce water |
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Term
| Differentiate macroscopic and microscopic appearance of mold versus yeast |
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Definition
Macroscopic (colony) appearance of mold - fuzzy, colorful variations, stinky
Macroscopic (colony) appearance of yeast - smooth, shiny, raised bumps, smells like bread
microscopic appearance of mold - aerial hyphae, more complicated srtuctures
microscopic appearance of yeast - simple cocci or rod shaped structures |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the genes located on the pGLO plasmid |
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Definition
Ara-C Gene
AMP (Ampicillin) Gene
GFP (Green Florecent Protien) Gene |
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Term
| Describe the protein encoded in the pGLO genes |
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Definition
Ara-C Gene - Regulator
AMP Gene - Beta-lactamase
GFP Gene - Green Florecent Protien |
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Term
| Define “competent” and describe two methods used to make the E. coli competent |
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Definition
Bacteria that are able to take up plasmid
Meathod to make E. coli competent:
1. expose them to calcium chloride during growth phase
2. expose them to extreme temperature changes |
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Term
| Explain the regulation mechanism of the Green Fluorescent Protein gene expression |
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Definition
| Ara-C can be turned on by adding the sugar arabinose to cells nutrient medium |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses that infect bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| bursting open of the bacterial host once the appropriate number of viruses have been synthesized, killing the bacteria by lysing them |
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Term
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Definition
| an area of bacterial clearing caused by the visus killing the bacteria and lysing them |
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Term
| Explain the purpose of making dilutions of the T-4 virus |
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Definition
| to obtain a countable number of plaques |
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Term
| Calculate the titer of phage in the original sample given the number of plaques and the dilution of the plate |
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Definition
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