Lactobacillus (Rod): A ‘good’ probiotic bacteria

(Domain: Bacteria)

Staph aureus (Cocci) - Common skin bacteria

Phylum: Gm(+) Eubacteria  

Domain Bacteria     

Treponema pallidum (Spiral) - cause of syphillus

Phylum: Gm (-) Chlamydias (Spirochaetes)

Domain: Bacteria

Phylum: Gm(-) Proteobacteria

These bacteria (particularly Rickettsia) are very closely related to eukaryotic mitochondria.

Domain: Bacteria

Anaebaena

Phylum: Gm (-) Cyanobacteria

Domain: Bacteria

-Responsible for O2 atmosphere

-Related to chloroplast

-Under low nitrogen conditions, use heterocysts can convert N into ammonia (amino acids)

Bacillus (anthrax)

Phylum: Gm(+) Eubacteria

Domain: Bacteria

Serratia

(Conjugation shown)

Domain: Bacteria

Clostridium

Endospore (Tetnus, Botox, Botulism, C-Dis, Gas Gangrene)

Phylum: Gm(+) Eubacteria

Domain: Bacteria

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Phylum: Gm(+) Eubacteria

Domain: Bacteria

-Found in yogurt

E. Coli

Chromosome shown around it

Capsule

Domain: Bacteria

Endospore

Phylum: Gm(+) Eubacteria

Domain: Bacteria

Blank one: Respiratoy membrane (aerobic prokaryote)

Blank two: Thylakoid membrane (photosynthetic prokaryote)

These bacteria are
the foreruners

of eukaryotic

mitochondria

and chlorplasts

Dental Plaque

"Biofilm"

BACTERIA

Halophiles: the “salt lovers”

Domain: Archaea

-Contain pigments: "bacteriorhodopsins"

Black Smoker in Yellowstone

Home to Thermophiles: “heat / cold lovers”  Prefer temperatures above 60°C (up to 110°C for hyper-thermophiles!)

Domain: Archaea

Deep Underground "Extremophile"

Don't Worry

Archaea

Deep Underground "Extremophile"

Don't Worry

Archaea

Deep Underground "Extremophile"

Don't Worry

Archaea

Stentor

Clade: Eveolate

Not rows of cilia!

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Paramecium caudatum

Clade: Aveolate

Cilia, Oral groove

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Trichomonas vaginalis (Parabasalid)

Clade: Excavate

Domain: Eukarya

Sexually Transmitted Disease:

Its flagella and undulating membrane enable it to move along the mucus–coated lining of these tracts inside its host

Giardia intestinalis [Diplomonad]

Clade: Excavates

Arrow points to two haploid nuclei (also has four flagella)

Giardia:  “Backpacker’s Diarrhea”

attaches to small intestine of host…

Trypanosoma bruceii

Clade: Euglenozoans:

Kinetoplastids

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease

Euglena gracilis

Clade: Euglenizoans - Euglenids

"friendly pond protist"

Note red eyespot and flagella!

Domain: Eukarya

Dinoflagellates

Clade: : Alveolates

Cause red tides – produce neurotoxins in ocean

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Plasmodium vivax

Clade: Alveolate

Cause of malaria

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Stramenopile [Brown Algae (Kelp forest)]

Diatom

Clade: Heterokont

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Stramenopile
Diatoms - glass shells in ‘pillbox’ shapes

Clade: Heterokont

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Stramenopile
Diatoms - glass shells in ‘pillbox’ shapes

Clade: Heterokont

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Brown Algae

Stramenopile
[Diatoms - glass shells in ‘pillbox’ shapes]

Clade: Heterokont

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Stramenopile
Diatoms - glass shells in ‘pillbox’ shapes

Clade: Heterokont

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Calcium carbonate "Test" (shell) 

Cercozoan

Clade: Cercozoans and radiolarians

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

Trillions of Cercozoan tests make up the White Cliffs of Dover in England

Clade: Cercozoans and radiolarians

Protist

Domain: Eukarya

ngland

Protist

Amoeba proteus

Clade: Amoebasoans

-Species Entamoeba histolytica causes "Motesuma's Revenge" or travelers' diaherra or amoebic dysentry

-Engulfs prey via pseudopods

Choanoflagellate

Clade: Opisthokonts

Ancestor of fungi and animals

FUNGI

Clade: opisthokonts

Phyla: Chytridomycota

-earliest fungal group on earth

--produce flagella spores ('Zoospores')

-parasitic, implicated in decline of amphibian populations

PROTIST

Red Algae

Clad: Viridiplantae

-photosynthetic

-source of agar

PROTIST

Chlorphyta - Volvox

Clade: Viridiplantae

-photosyntheitc protists

-Volvox are colonial freshwater green algae

PROTIST

Chlorophyta/ Chara (algae)

Clade: Viridiplantae

-closest relative of land plants

-photosynthetic

                   Chlorophyta - Scenedusmus

Clad - Viridiplantae

PROTIST

PROTISTS

Spirogyra

Clad: Viridiplantae

Sexual reproduction by conjugation (arrows)

Top arrow is (-) strain

Bottom arrow is (+) strain

Arrows point to zygotes!

PROTIST

The bacterial endosymbiont Carsonella ruddii - (in insects) may be about to lose its identity as an organism.” Genome sequencing Oct 2006 reveals only 160,000-bp / 182 genes (50% less than Mycobacteria).

PROTIST 

The Nucleomorph: Remnants of an algae’s distant past  
A second tiny nucleus swallowed by some algae that remain viable as independent nuclei.

PROTIST

”Kleptoplasty," in Solar-powered sea slugs -
The sequestering of algal chloroplasts for 8-9 months at a time!  And – recent evidence (2008) for  horizontal transfer of algal photosynthetic genes in the slug genome!

PROTIST

FUNGI 

Phyla: Zygomycota

RhiZopus = bread mold

FUNGI 

asexual sporangium 

phyla: Zygomycota

RhiZopus - bread mold

FUNGI

Phyla: Zygomycota

Sexual Zygospore

Location of meiosis

RhiZopus - bread mold

FUNGI

Phyla: Ascomycota (cup fungi)

FUNGI 

phyla: Ascomycota (cup fungi)

FUNGI

Phyla: Ascomycota (cup fungi)

FUNGI

Phyla: Ascomycota

Sexual Ascus

contains ascospores

FUNGI

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast

Phyla: Ascomycota

Yeasts are unicellular fungi  

Asexual reproduction by budding

Examples: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YUM!), Camdida albicaus (Yeast Infection)

Sexual ascus contains ascospores from meiosis

        Sexual ascus  containing ascospores

FUNGI

FUNGI 

Phyla: Asmycota (sac or cup fungi)

Asexual conidiophores & conidia (spores)

Examples of ascomycota: truffles, morels, ringworm, ergot (LSD)

FUNGI 

Ascomycota: Sac or Cup Fungi: 

View Sexual Ascus and ascospores

Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)

Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)

Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)

Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)

Beware the Death Cap amanita mushroom!

Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)

Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)

FUNGI

Phyla: Basidiomycota

Basidiospores - products of meiosis

FUNGI

Ustilago maydis, aka: Corn Smut

 basidiomycete

Ustilago maydis, aka: Corn Smut
 basidiomycete

Ustilago maydis, aka: Corn Smut
 basidiomycete

Penicillium fungi [Conidia]

Produces penniciin

Deuteromycota:  “Imperfect Fungi”

Asexual Conidia

Deuteromycota:  “Imperfect Fungi”

Asexual Conidia

Deuteromycota:  “Imperfect Fungi”

Asexual Conidia

FUNGI

Zygomycota

Ascomycota

Basidio

Soredia

(breaks off to start a new lichen)

FUNGI

Crustose lichens on tundra rock

FUNGI

Foliose lichen on tundra rock

FUNGI

Lichen: 'Pioneer species' on gravestone

FUNGI

Top arrow: Sheath of fungal hyphae encircles root

Bottom arrow: Fungal hypha between plant cells

Fungal hyphae within plant cortical cells

PLANTAE

Bryophyte

Mosses, Hornworts, Liverworts

Have cuticle, non-vascular

hornwort Anthoceros

Bryophyte

PLANTAE

arrow points to tall, stalk like sporophyte, the only diploid part of these plants

liverwort Marchantia

Bryophyte (has cuticle, nonvascular)

PLANTAE

Reproduces asexually by forming tiny gemmae cups (arrow) that contain balls of cells called gemmae [dispersed by raindrops]

Haploid MOSS

Bryophyte (has cuticle, nonvascular)

PLANTAE

Antheridia Moss (male)

Bryophyte (has cuticle, nonvascular)

-Makes sperm that swims down the female moss to fertilize eggs

Archaegonia Moss (female)

Bryophyte (has cuticle, nonvascular)

Has eggs that are fertilized my male moss sperm

Antheridia Moss (male)

Bryophyte (has cuticle, nonvascular)

-Makes sperm that swims down the female moss to fertilize eggs

Archaegonia Moss (female)

Bryophyte (has cuticle, nonvascular)

Top arrow: Neck cell

Bottom arrow: Egg cell

Psilotum Sporangium

Pteridophytes (Seedless Vascular Plants)

PLANTAE

Whisk Fern (Psilotum)

Pteridophytes (Seedless Vascular Plants)

PLANTAE

-most are extinct

Vascular Tissue

Horsetails - Equisetum Strobilus

Pteridophytes (Seedless Vascular Plants)

PLANTAE

Fern Fiddlehead

Ferns start life from a haploid spore and germinate into a tiny, multicellular, heartshaped prothallus (n). 

The zygote (2n) develops into the a curled-up ‘fiddlehead’ which unfurls to the mature Frond

Pteridophytes

PLANTAE

"Club Moss" (Lycopodium)

Pteridophyte (has cuticle, vascular, seedless)

PLANTAE

True roots and stems; tiny, microphyll leaves

Fern Prothallus (n)

Contains Antheridia (sperm) and archaegonia (egg) cells

Pteridophyte (has cuticle, vascular, seedless)

PLANTAE

Fern

Pteridophyte (has cuticle, vascular, seedless)

PLANTAE

No true roots

Sori on underside of Fern (sporangia where meiosis takes place)

Pteridophyte (has cuticle, vascular, seedless)

PLANTAE

Zamia

the only cycad native to the U.S.

Gymnosperm (cuticle, vascular, seeds)

PLANTAE

 Lodgepole Pine, Pinus contorta

Male (smaller) and female bigger) cones

Conifer

Gymnosperm (cuticle, vascular, seeds)

PLANTAE

Ginkgo biloba

(stinky female seeds)

Ginkgoes

Gymnosperm (cuticle, vascular, seeds)

PLANTAE

Welwitschia (with two torn leaves)

Gnetophyte

Gymnosperm (cuticle, vascular, seeds)

PLANTAE

Ephedra (with pollen cones)

a plant  used to make Mormon Tea and other stimulants

Gnetophyte

Gymnosperm (cuticle, vascular, seeds)

PLANTAE

Pine Male Cone (with developing pollen)

Gymnosperm

PLANTAE

Pine Female cone (with ovule)

Gymnosperm

PLANTAE