Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Lab Practical Review
Review of lab tests for lab practical
89
Microbiology
Undergraduate 4
07/26/2011
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
Temperature & Growth
 Definition
Minimum, Optimum, Maximum
Term
Optimum 5oC
 Definition
Psychrophiles
Term
Optimum 37oC
 Definition
Mesophiles
Term
Optimum 60oC
 Definition
Thermophiles
Term
pH Groups
 Definition
Acidophiles < 6.0
Neutrophiles 6.5 - 7.5
Alkylophiles (basophiles) >7.0
Term
Oxidation-Reduction Potential (requirements or tolerance)
 Definition
Strictly Aerobic: requires O2
Facultative: Can live w/o O2 but prefers it (E. coli)
Strictly Anaerobic: Fermentation only - does not like O2
Term
Osmotic Pressure - Salt Concentration
 Definition
Halophiles: Require higher salt to survive & grow
Halotolerant: do not require higher salt but can tolerate it
Non-Halophile: grow best with only 0.5% salt; use other solutes to bind water
Osmophile: tolerates osmotic pressure when other solutes (not salt) are high in concentration
Term
UV Resistant
 Definition
can absorb UV & correct damage
Term
UV Sensitive (lethal)
 Definition
Cannot tolerate or correct damage from UV rays
Term
What bacteria is Urease (+)?
 Definition
Proteus
Term
Exoenzymes
 Definition
enzymes from the outside that can cause a reaction to bacteria
Term
Mixed Acid Fermentor (very strong acid production)
 Definition
E. coli
Term
Only media that selects Gram (+)
 Definition
PEA
Term
Tryptophan (Indole) Tube
 Definition
Tryptophanase produces Indole + pyruvic acid + NH3
The trytone in the broth is reduced and turns cerise
 The Red Kovac was trippin’ with acid and spent alldol monee (indoleammonie)
Term
Negative Staining
 Definition
Anionic dye & negative cell - stains background around cell
Term
Gram Stain (+)
 Definition
Purple (no LPS & thick peptidoglycan) from Crystal Violet
Term
Gram Stain (-)
 Definition
Pink (thin peptidoglycan) from Safranin
Term
Gram's Iodine
 Definition
Mordant
Term
Acid Fast
 Definition
Pink (+) because of mycolic wax in cell wall (mycobacteria, clostridium)
Term
Spore Staining (+)
 Definition
Green Endospores or Free Spores and Pink vegetative cells (clostridium, bacillus)
Term
DES (Desoxycholate)
 Definition
Selects for Gram (-), Differential for Lac (+) ferm; reaction is red organisms pulling dye from media
 desoxychocolate and strawberries
Term
EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue)
 Definition
Selects for Gram (-), Differential for Lac (+) ferm; reaction is either Eosin (pink/purple) or Methylene Blue (dark blue/black) organisms pulling dye from media
**Ea pulls Eosin, Ec pulls dark blue because strong acid fermentor. Ec also creates green metallic sheen
Term
Blood Agar
 Definition
Differentiates organisms based on reactions to blood
 Alpha hemolysis: partial clearing
 Beta hemolysis: complete clearing
 Gamma hemolysis: no clearing
**Staph is Beta and Strep is both Alpha and Beta
Term
Starch Agar
 Definition
Amylase hydrolyzes starch to sugars; iodine added: clear (+), brown/purple (-)
**Bacillus cereus
 Amy cleared it out of the starch (park) – my back swing is serious
 Amy wants to clear diet of starch
Term
Milk Agar
 Definition
Caseinase hydrolyzes casein into amino acids --> clear
 I’m casing the milk joint till it’s clear
 I cleared my milk shake case
Term
Lipase Agar
 Definition
lipase hydrolyzes fat to glycerol & fatty acids; organism pulls in blue dye from medium
 Lippy the fat blue whale
Term
Phenol Red (Sugar Ferm Tubes) - pink liquid
 Definition
Alkaline reaction
 alki’s like pepto bismal
Term
Phenol Red (Sugar Ferm Tubes) - yellow liquid
 Definition
Acid reaction
Term
Phenol Red (Sugar Ferm Tubes) - yellow & gas bubble
 Definition
Acid & Gas reaction
 acidic lemons give me gas
Term
Phenol Red (Sugar Ferm Tubes) - No color change - stays red
 Definition
Neutral reaction
 neutrals are angry red
Term
MR-VP Tubes (Methyl Red)
 Definition
Mixed Acid Fermentor (+) = Red liquid
**E. coli is strong mixed acid fermentor
 E.coli has best acid party mix because he’s in the red district
Term
MR-VP Tubes (Voges-Proskauer)
 Definition
2,3 butanediol ferments acid close to neutral with red color after VP I (alpha napthol) & VP II (KOH)
 VP has neutral nappy red butt when KOH’d
Term
Catalase Tube
 Definition
Catalase converts H2O2 to H2O & O2 --> addition of H2O2 creates bubbles
 The cat likes bubbles
Term
Oxidase Tube
 Definition
Oxidase Cytochrome C oxidizes aromatic amines to colored products - dark blue-black
 Oxidase purple haze
Term
Nitrate Tube
 Definition
Nitrate Reduction after N I (sulfanilic acid) and N II (dimethyl-alpha-napthylamine) = red color (+)
If clear, add Zinc = stays clear (+); changes to red (-)
 Blemishes are red and Zinc keeps it clear
Term
Urea
 Definition
Urease converts urea to NH3 & CO2; color is cerise
**Proteus vulgaris
 Urease is Cerise for Proteese
Term
SIM stab
 Definition
Sulfur, Indole & Motility
Black (+), cloudiness throughout tube (+), Red after Kovacs (+)
**Proteus & Salmonella have same results
 She stabbed his black sulfur heart, Kovac’s money is indee red (remember crazy acid party), clouds are motile
Term
Simmons Citrate
 Definition
Citrate as sole carbon source - growth on green or blue color
 Carbon grows in the green grass or deep blue sea
Term
Phenylalanine/PPA
 Definition
Phenylalanase converts phenylalanine to PPA & NH3 & turns green after Ferric Chloride
 Phyllis the ferret likes green apples
Term
Litmus Milk Tubes - Pink Liquid
 Definition
Acid Reaction from Lactose Ferm
 Best acid is found in the red district
Term
Litmus Milk Tubes - Pink Solid
 Definition
Acid Curd Reaction or Acid Curd Reduction
 Don’t eat the red milk curd – it’s laced with acid
Term
Litmus Milk Tubes - Colorless & white
 Definition
Reduction - litmus reduced
 Reduced milk is watery
Term
Litmus Milk Tubes - Blue/purple liquid
 Definition
Alkaline reaction
 Alki’s are blue w/o alcohol
Term
Litmus Milk Tubes - Clearing of medium (brown/amber)
 Definition
Peptonization/Proteolysis
 Pepto lysis clears the brown
Term
IMViC
 Definition
**Best test for differentiation of Fecal (Ec) vs. Non-Fecal (Ea)
Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate
Ec + for first two and - for second two tests; Ea opposite
 I M optimist (E. coli is ++)
 I M pessimist (Enterobacter is --)
Term
Kliger's Iron Agar (KIA) - all red
 Definition
Negative for Glu, Lac & H2S
Term
Kliger's Iron Agar (KIA) - red top, yellow bottom
 Definition
Glu (+)
Term
Kliger's Iron Agar (KIA) - Yellow throughout
 Definition
Glu (+) & Lac (+)
Term
Kliger's Iron Agar (KIA) - red top, black in middle, yellow butt
 Definition
Glu (+) & H2S (+)
 Gassy Klingon’s have clear or black butts
Term
Kliger's Iron Agar (KIA) - yellow top & butt, black in middle,
 Definition
Glu (+), Lac (+), H2S (+)
Term
OF Glucose - Open & Closed Green/Purple
 Definition
Strictly Oxidative (aerobic)
Term
OF Glucose - Open & Closed Yellow
 Definition
Fermentative (anaerobic)
Term
OF Glucose - Yellow at top only – Mainly Green/Purple
 Definition
Incomplete Oxidative
Term
OF Glucose - Green/Purple Open, and only Closed Yellow
 Definition
Facultative, NOT Ferm
Term
BSA
 Definition
Selects for Salmonella – dull green with black or dark brown colonies
Term
BGA
 Definition
Selective for Gram (-), Differential for Lactose (+) & (-)
Term
SS Agar
 Definition
Selective mostly for Salmonella & Shigella, Differential for Lactose (+) & (-)
Term
EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue)
 Definition
 Ec takes up MB (Methylene blue): Blue w/ green sheen (more gas)
 Ea takes up E (Eosin): Purple-pink (less gas)
 Color changes based on amount of acidic gas produced
Term
Coagulase
 Definition
Clumpy (+); Only valid for Staph Gram (+)
Term
MSA (Phenol Red & Manitol Salt Agar)
 Definition
7.5% NaCl, Selective for Staph (prefers salt); Inhibits other bacteria that are not salt tolerant
 Halophiles will change red to yellow (Staph)
Term
Staphylococcus 110 Medium
 Definition
7.5% NaCl but no Phenol Red, Selective for Staph
No color change, just natural colony pigment formation
Term
DNase
 Definition
Blue green plate has clearing with (+) growth (w/ or w/o Hcl)
Tests for exoenzymes to hydrolyze DNA
Term
M-Staphylococcus broth
 Definition
10% NaCl, Selective for Staph (prefers salt); Inhibits other bacteria
Term
Endo Agar
 Definition
Selects for Gram (-), differential for Lactose (+)
 Ec has golden metallic sheen (more gas)
 Ea has Purple-pink (less gas)
 Color changes based on amount of acidic gas produced
 Lactose (+) = red colonies
Term
BHI (Brain Heart Infusion)
 Definition
Differential for Staph (+) & Strep (-)
 Add H2O2 for + Catalase reaction
Term
Water Analysis - Presumptive Test
 Definition
Analysis used for Enterics - Intestinal Bacteria (Gram (-) and can be coccobacillus)
Look for Acid & Gas = Lac (+) Ferm
Term
Water Analysis - Confirmed Test
 Definition
Streak Presump (+) & streak on EMB & Endo plates; Look for coliforms – fecal vs. non-fecal
Term
Water Analysis - Completed Test
 Definition
Use the colonies from the (+) test and inoculate on Lac to confirm
 Lac broth & slant: if gas in tube, Lac (+)
Lactose is very strong acid producer (glucose not as much)
Term
Coliform Fecal
 Definition
E. coli
Lac (+) & only in colon
Term
Non-Fecal
 Definition
Ea
Lac (-) and just intestines
Term
Test used to differentiate between E. coli and E. aerogenes
 Definition
IMViC
Ec is (+) for first two and (-) for second two
Ea is (-) for first two and (+) for second two
Term
MFM (Membrane Filter Method)
 Definition
Bacteria 1.0 micron so filters used 0.45 micron (sometimes .22)
Term
Filter used for MFM
 Definition
M-FC: membrane fecal coliform
Term
Temp M-FC incubated at
 Definition
44.5oC
 E. coli can be isolated because tolerates 45-46 oC
 Ea is inhibited because tolerates only up to 44 oC
Term
Advantages of MFM test w/ M-FC
 Definition
 Temp allows for only Fecal coliform count (no non-fecal)
 Test larger samples of water
Term
MPN
 Definition
Most Probable Number
use the table to determine the range of colonies of coliforms
 Compare numbers for 10ml, 1ml & .01ml & match to table to determine MPN ranges
Term
MIC
 Definition
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
how little of the stuff you can use that is effective w/o minimal side effects
Term
Disinfectants
 Definition
Strong Chemicals for inanimate objects):
 Formaldehyde (most effective)
 Phenol (not very effective)
**Does not sterilize but can eliminate some infectious agents
Term
Antiseptics
 Definition
mild chemicals that reduce # of microbes
 Iodine – aseptic
Term
Antibiotics
 Definition
 chemicals that interfere with microbial cell function
 cmeasure zone of inhibition in mm & compare to Kirby-Bauer table
Term
Formaldehyde
 Definition
most effective disinfectant
Term
Phenol
 Definition
Not very effective disinfectant
Term
Iodine
 Definition
Aseptic antiseptic - medium effectivity
Term
Kirby-Bauer Table
 Definition
Table that is used to determine the category of antibiotic
Term
Antibiotic Categories
 Definition
o Resistant (<#)
o Intermediate (range)
o Sensitive (>#)
Term
Plate used for antibiotic effectiveness
 Definition
MH Plate - Mueller Hinton plate and always used for KB test
Term
Gram Stain Procedures
 Definition
 Smear prep & heat fix
 Crystal violet for 1 minute, rinse with water
 Iodine for 1 minute (mordant), rinse
 Decolorize with Ethyl Alcohol 10-15 sec, rinse
 counterstain with safranin, rinse
Term
Acid Fast Procedures
 Definition
 Smear prep & heat fix
 Carbolfuschin while steaming for 10 min
 rinse with acid alcohol
 counterstain with methylene blue
 rinse with water
Term
Spore Stain Procedures
 Definition
 Smear prep & heat fix
 Malachite Green while steaming for 10 min
 rinse with water
 counterstain with safranin
 rinse with water
Supporting users have an ad free experience!