Term
|
Definition
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Increase could be
dehydration
renal failure
acidosis
cellular/tissue damage
hemolysis of the specimen
Decrease could be...
NPO status when potassium replacment is inadequate
Excessive use of non potassium sparing diuretics
vomiting
malnutrition
diarrhea
alkalosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
90yr or younger 136-145 mEq/L
Older than 90 132-146 mEq/L
Increase in
cardiac or renal failure
hypertension
excessive amoutn of IV fluids containing normal saline
edema
dehydration (hemoconcentration)
Decrease in
nasogastric drainage
vomiting and diarrhea
excessive use of laxatives or diuretics
excessive amounts amounts of IV fluids containing water
Syndrome of inappropriate antiduretic hormone (SIADH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
90yr or younger 98-106 mEq/L
Older than 90 98-111 mEq/L
increase in
respiratory alkalosis
dehydration
renal failure
excessive amounts of IV fluids containing sodium chloride
decrease in
excessive nasogastric drainage
vomiting
excessive use of duiretics
diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
60 yr or younger 23-30 mEq/L
60-90 yr: 23-31 mEq/L
Older than 90 yr: 20-29 mEq/L
increase in
chronic pulmonary disease
inetstinal obstruction
vomiting or nasogastric suctioning
metabolic alkalosis
decrease in
hyperventilation
diabetic ketoacidosis
diarrhea
lactic acidosis
renal failure
salicylate toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
60 yr or younger 70-110 mg/dL
60-90 yr: 82-115 mg/dL
Older than 90 yr: 75-121 mg/dL
increase in
hyperglycemia
excessive amoutns of IV fluids containing glucose
stress
steroid use
pancreatic or hepatic disease
decrease in
hypoglycemia
excess insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
females
60 yr or younger 0.5-1.1mg/dL
60-90 yr: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Older than 90 yr: 0.6-1.3 mg/dL
males
60 yr or younger 0.6-1.2mg/dL
60-90 yr: 0.8-1.3 mg/dL
Older than 90 yr: 1.0-1.7 mg/dL
increase in
renal damage with destruction of large number of nephrons
renal insufficiency
acute renal failure
chronic kidney disease
end stage kidney diseae (ESKD)
decrease in
atrophy of muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| blood urea nitrogen (bun) |
|
Definition
60 yr or younger 10-20 mg/dL
60-90 yr: 8-23 mg/dL
Older than 90 yr: 10-31 mg/dL
increase in
dehydration
renal failure
excessive protein in diet
liver failure
decrease in
overhydration
malnutrition |
|
|
Term
| prothombin time (pro time, PT) |
|
Definition
11-12.5 seconds
increase in
coagulation defect (bleeding disorder)
vitamin K deficiency
decrease in
coagulation (clotting) disorder, such as thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolus |
|
|
Term
| International normalized ratio (INR) |
|
Definition
0.7-1.8
increase in
anticoagulant therapy (aspirin, warfarin)
decrease in
extensive cancer |
|
|
Term
| partial thromboplastin time, activated (aPTT) |
|
Definition
30-40 seconds
increase in
coagulation defect (bleeding disorder)
anticoagulant therapy (heparin)
liver disease
decrease in
coagulation (clotting) disorder, such as thrombophlebitis or pulmonary embolus
extensiv cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5000-10000/mm3
increase in
infection
inflammation
stress
tissue necrosis
decrease in
immune disorder
immunosuppressant therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
females
18-44yr: 12-16 g/dL
45-64yr: 11.7-16 g/dL
65-74yr: 11.7-16.1 g/dL
Males
18-44yr: 14-18g/dL
45-64yr: 13.1-17.2g/dL
65-74yr: 11.7-16.1 g/dL
increase in
dehydration
polycythemia
chronic pulmonary disease
congestive heart failure
decrease
blood loss
anemia
renal failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
females
18-44yr: 35-45%
45-74yr: 37-47%
Males
18-44yr: 42-52%
45-64yr: 39-50%
65-74yr: 37-51%
increase in
dehydration
polycythemia
high altitude
decrease in
blood loss
anemia
kidney failure |
|
|
