Term
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Definition
| Fluctuation within an acceptable range around the set point as the external temperature or the level of activity changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The maintenance of a relatively constant internal condition in spite of variations in the environment. |
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Term
| Negative Feedback Inhibition |
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Definition
| Maintains the dynamic equilibrium within a close range around the set point. Occurs when the output of a system sends a signal that causes the system to reverse its direction. |
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Term
| Normal Body temperature range |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the output of a system sends a signal that causes the system to continue in the same direction. |
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Term
| Five components to the Patellar Reflex Arc |
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Definition
1. Receptor (stretch on quads)
2. Afferent sensory nuerons
3. Integration in CNS
4. Efferent Motor Nuerons
5. Skeletal Muscle (Effector) |
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Term
| Where is the cell body of Afferent neurons located? Efferent cell body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. skeletal muscle
2. Glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle |
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Term
| Hypothalamus releases what hormone? |
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Definition
| Thyrotropin releasing hormone |
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Term
| Anterior Pituitary releases what hormone? |
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Definition
| Thyroid stimulating hormone |
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Term
| Thyroid gland releases what hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Five components of Baroreceptor reflex |
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Definition
1. Hypotension (stretch of BV)
2. afferent neurons
3. integration in CNS
4. efferent neurons
5. effectors |
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Term
| what are the effectors of the baroreceptor reflex? |
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Definition
1.SA Node-controls heart rate
2.Heart Muscle-controls stroke volume
3. Blood vessels |
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Term
1.where does CNS integration occur for baroreceptor reflex?
2.1.where does CNS integration occur for patellar reflex? |
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Definition
1.medulla oblangata
2.spine |
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Term
| Where are the baroreceptors located |
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Definition
| coratid sinuses and aortic arch |
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Term
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Definition
| That there are an equal amount of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions |
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Term
| What are the two things that an acidic solution contain? |
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Definition
1. More hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions
2. More hydrogen ions than at a pH7 |
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Term
| What are the two things that an basic solution contain? |
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Definition
1. Less hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions
2. Less hydrogen than a pH7 solution |
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Term
| What is the ideal range for pH |
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Definition
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Term
| For every unit change, hydrogens are increased by what number? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration...more to less |
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Term
Which factors increase the rate of diffusion?
What factors determine the rate of diffusion? |
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Definition
1. High temperature
2. Temperature,concentration, size, and temperature of the molecules or ions |
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Term
| What is the driving force behind diffusion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion of water and the movement of water into and out of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it bu diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The notches around the cell that appear when the cell shrinks; due to water moving ou of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Bursting of cell; due to water moving inside cell |
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Term
Was Toluene soluble?
Was it hydrophobic? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Was KMnO4 hydrophobic or hydrophilic? |
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Definition
| Hydrophilic bc it was soluble in H2O |
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Term
When a solute mixes with water it is called?
What is it called when it is not soluble in water? |
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Definition
1.Hydrophilic
2. Hydrophobic |
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Term
| Is detergent Hydrophilic or hydrophobic |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the factors of molecules that can pass through the phospholipd membrane easily? |
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Definition
Small molecule
hydrophobic
nonpolar |
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Term
| What are the factors of molecules that can NOT pass through the phospholipd membrane easily? |
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Definition
Large molecules
Polar
Hydrophilic |
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Term
| Where is Pepsin produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is Trypsin produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes break down ____ to _____. |
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Definition
Substrates to products
i.e. H2o2= H2o and O2 |
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Term
| Enzymes are specific to its ___ and are also called ____. They are known to ____up reaction times without the enzyme itself being altered by the chemical.Enzymes are reusable. Enzymes need ___, minerals and _____ to function correctly. |
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Definition
substrate
catalyst
speed
vitamins
heavy metals |
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Term
Enzymes are a _____ structure. So 2000 enzymes = ____structures.
Most enzymes end with ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The larger the concentration of substrates... |
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Definition
| The larger the enzyme activity |
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Term
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Definition
| interfere with the bonding of a enzyme with its substrate |
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Term
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Definition
| help shape the active site of some enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| are water soluble vitamins that bond to active site and promote the chemical reaction that yields the final product. |
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Term
enzyme activity ____ with temperature
If too high, the enzyme will ___: this is how heat sterilization kills bacteria. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what causes the bonds between amino acids to break? |
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Definition
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Term
| One molecule of catalase(enzyme) breaks down 6 million molecules of H2O2(hydrogen peroxide) to H2O and O2 each minute. Thats 100,000/second |
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Definition
| Glucose is broken down to CO2 and H2O which is then released as heat and stored as ATP. |
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Term
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Definition
| peroxisomes (bc they break down H2O2) |
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Term
| What syndrome is caused by malformed peroxisomes? |
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Definition
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Term
How does a high or low pH affect an individual enzyme molecule?
How does smaller surface areas affect reaction? |
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Definition
Increases rate of reaction
Increases rate of reaction |
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Term
| Enzymes are produced as a direct result of what process? |
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Definition
| Condensation in the ribosomes |
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Term
| Why do proteins need to be globular for functionality (physiologically) |
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Definition
| so they can form active sites |
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Term
| One thousand microns equals how many mm? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1mm3 equals how many microliters? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| 1 micron equals how many nanometers? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| king henry drinks ucky dark chocolate milk |
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Definition
| kilo, hecto, deka, unit(meter,liter,gram), deci, centi, mili |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
u (micron) is three places down past mili
nano is 6 places down past mili |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Is a measurement of the relative percentage of RBCs in a given volume of whole blood. |
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Term
| how do you determine the hematocrit % |
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Definition
height of column of RBC x 100/
height of column of RBC + plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| too much rbc=more than 45% |
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Term
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Definition
too little rbc=less than 45%
therefore decrease in oxygen carrying capacity. Most common causes is diet, chronic blood loss and iron defiecency |
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Term
| What are the two causes of high hematocrit? |
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Definition
| Polycythemia due to too many RBC's and dehydration due to too much plasma. |
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Term
| What are the forces involved in capillary action? |
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Definition
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Term
Hemoglobin has ____ amino acids, ___heme groups and ___iron atoms. Each iron atom carries ___ O2 molecule. How many hemoglobin molecules are in a RBC?
how many tertiary structures make up the quaternary structure of hemoglobin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| to transport CO2 and O2. They live for 120 days and are then ingested by phagocytic cells in the liver and spleen. |
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Term
| WBCs main function is to... |
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Definition
| defend against infections and clean up the debris in areas of inflammation. |
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Term
| Platelets are vital for... |
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Definition
| coagulation. When platelet count is too low, the blood fails to clot. |
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Term
| Cholesterol is synthesized by the ___ and obtained by ____.Cholesterol is hydrophobic so it must be transported by hydrophilic proteins. Lipoproteins are a combination of ___ and ___. |
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Definition
Liver
diet
protein carrier and cholesterol. |
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Term
VLDL
Transports cholesterol that is synthesized in the ____.
It is converted in the bloodstream to ___. |
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Definition
Very low density lipoproteins.
Liver.
LDL |
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Term
| LDL is the cholesterol rich remnant of VLDL. |
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Definition
| There is a high correlation between high levels of LDL and heart disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits the cell uptake of LDL and it removes and transports cholesterol from the tissues back to liver excretion. |
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Term
| Triglycerides main function is... |
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Definition
| insulate,protect, and provide cellular energy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| C reactive Protein-a test used for assessing the risk of heart disease by identifying the presence of inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| a genetic disease caused by the lack of clotting proteins in the blood |
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Term
| What is the difference of thrombosis and embolism |
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Definition
| They are both clotting of the arteries however the clot moves to different parts of the body in embolism |
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Term
| Two sources of cholesterol and triglycerides |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Two sources of cholesterol and triglycerides |
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Definition
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