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| Asexual reproduction is accomplished by |
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| Sexual reproduction is accomplished by |
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| the generation of two identical daughter cells from a parent cell |
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| involves first a reductive cell division, to produce four daughter cells each having half as much genetic information as the parent cell, and then the pairing of two gametes in fertilization, to produce a zygote |
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| a cell with the normal complement of genetic information |
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| Cells grow and divide in a very tightly controlled manner, regulated by |
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| The cell cycle begins with |
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| a newly divided cell in the G1 or GAP 1 phase |
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| a cell grows to its normal size by synthesizing the cytoplasmic proteins, organelles, and membranes necessary for growth |
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| Cells that are prompted to divide enter |
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| the DNA is copied to produce an identical second copy so that both future daughter cells obtain a complete set of genetic information |
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| occupied with preparation for cell division, and the cell generates and stores energy for this process. Proteins required for cell division are synthesized here. |
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| the first phase of mitosis, sees the nuclear membrane dissolve, and the chromosomes condense down to compact bundles that are actually visible in the light microscope |
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| the second phase of mitosis, the replicated chromosomes are lined up at the equator of the cell |
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| the chromosomes that are lined up at the equator in Metaphase are separated |
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| the last phase of Mitosis, the nuclear membrane reforms and the chromosomes de-condense. |
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| the cytoplasm is split between the two daughter cells |
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| the organism has two copies of every chromosome (a maternal AND paternal) |
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| the organism only has one copy of every chromosome (a maternal OR paternal) |
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| each daughter cell receives only half of a homologous pair |
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| the nuclear membrane may briefly reform and the cell undergoes a second round of division |
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| the nuclear membrane dissolves and the chromosomes re-condense |
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| the chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell |
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| the sister chromatids separate |
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| the nuclear membrane reforms and the chromosomes de-condense |
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