• Nonsegmented body surrounded by a tough flexible cuticle, very reduced head, no respiratory or vascular system
  •  Only has longitudinal muscles= move body side to side
  • EVERYWHERE, coating/in everything.  Including you.
  • Instead of a respiratory or vascular system, everything just sloshes around in the body cavity, and is drained by the excretory canaL
  • Movement looks like thrashing around

Phylum Nematoda

Cuticle secreted by epidermis, & must molt cuticle in order to grow

1.    Gut Cavity

2.    Excretory Canal

3. Body Cavity

Phylum Nematoda

-Lots of these are parasites

-Ascaris lives in the intestine of mammals such as horses, pigs, and humans.

-Most often they are introduced into the body when food contaminated with nematode eggs is eaten.

Phylum Nematoda

-Lots of these are parasites

-Ascaris lives in the intestine of mammals such as horses, pigs, and humans.

-Most often they are introduced into the body when food contaminated with nematode eggs is eaten.

Cryptobiosis – if conditions become harsh, can enter a state of suspended animation called a tun

helps preserve itself, they can last FOREVER.

like coachroaches

Phylum Tardigrada

•       Feed on fluids of plants, and a few eat other small animals such as rotifers or nematodes

•       Cryptobiosis – if conditions become harsh, can enter a state of suspended animation called a tun

•       Almost always dioecious (separate sexes)

Phylum Tardigrada

•       Feed on fluids of plants, and a few eat other small animals such as rotifers or nematodes

•       Cryptobiosis – if conditions become harsh, can enter a state of suspended animation called a tun

•       Almost always dioecious (separate sexes)

 Phylum Arthopods-

crustaceans, insects, spiders

Largest phylum

Most successful – sheer #, diversity

Jointed appendages

Exoskeleton mad e of chitin

Phylum Arthropoda

•          Hard segmented exoskeleton made of chitin

•          Jointed appendages which may be modified and specialized

•          Well developed head and sensory organs

•          Open circulatory system

•          3 main body parts (head, thorax, abdomen), which may or may not be fused

Dioecious, most with internal fertilization

•          3 main body parts (head, thorax, abdomen), which may or may not be fused

-   4 pairs of walking/swimming legs + 2 pairs of additional legs which have been modified into chelicerae and pedipalps

Phylum Athropoda:Subphylum Cheliceriformes

1. -   4 pairs of walking/swimming legs + 2 pairs of additional legs which have been modified into chelicerae and pedipalps
2. -          Head and thorax usually fused into cephalothorax
3. No antennae

Phylum Athropoda:Subphylum Cheliceriformes

Class Merestomata

•          Aka Horseshoe Crabs

•          All marine

•          Ancient group that has changed little in millions of years – only 5 species left

•          Carnivores – feed on small invertebrates

-   4 pairs of walking/swimming legs + 2 pairs of additional legs which have been modified into chelicerae and pedipalps

-          Head and thorax usually fused into cephalothorax

-          No antennae

Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Cheliceriformes

Class Arachnida

•          Chelicerae modified into fangs

•          Carnivores (some venemous), parasites, or detritivores

•          Spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks, harvestmen

•          Spiders typically have 4 pairs of eyes, ticks/mites may have no eyes, scorpions may have up to 6 pairs

•          Spiders, scorpions, and harvestmen are carinvores, ticks and some mites are parasites (usually ecto), and some mites are detritivores

Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea

Class Branchiopoda

o   Many broad “leaf-like” appendages fringed with bristles

o   Fresh or brackish water, a few marine

o   Mainly filter feeders or grazers

o   Some can reproduce via parthenogenesis

o   Fairy/brine shrimp (aka “Sea Monkeys”), water fleas (Daphnia), tadpole shrimp (Triops)

·         Copepods are one of the largest biomass in the ocean, rivaling only krill. Very important in nutrient cycling, are part of why ocean is such a good carbon sink, food for lots and lots of animals.

The eggs of brine shrimp are also very dessication resistant – they are often sold dry, and you just have to put them in salt water to rehydrate them and they will hatch.

Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea

Class Branchiopoda

o   Many broad “leaf-like” appendages fringed with bristles

o   Fresh or brackish water, a few marine

o   Mainly filter feeders or grazers

o   Some can reproduce via parthenogenesis

o   Fairy/brine shrimp (aka “Sea Monkeys”), water fleas (Daphnia), tadpole shrimp (Triops)

·         Copepods are one of the largest biomass in the ocean, rivaling only krill. Very important in nutrient cycling, are part of why ocean is such a good carbon sink, food for lots and lots of animals.

The eggs of brine shrimp are also very dessication resistant – they are often sold dry, and you just have to put them in salt water to rehydrate them and they will hatch.

Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea

Class Branchiopoda

o   Many broad “leaf-like” appendages fringed with bristles

o   Fresh or brackish water, a few marine

o   Mainly filter feeders or grazers

o   Some can reproduce via parthenogenesis

o   Fairy/brine shrimp (aka “Sea Monkeys”), water fleas (Daphnia), tadpole shrimp (Triops)

·         Copepods are one of the largest biomass in the ocean, rivaling only krill. Very important in nutrient cycling, are part of why ocean is such a good carbon sink, food for lots and lots of animals.

The eggs of brine shrimp are also very dessication resistant – they are often sold dry, and you just have to put them in salt water to rehydrate them and they will hatch.

PLANKTON

·         Anatomy:

o   Reduced abdomen

o   Barnacles are surrounded by calcareous plates, either attached directly or stalked

o   Copepods have a single central eye, and long antennae

·         Ectoparasites, filter feeders, or plankton grazers

·         Copepods are important part of zooplankton

·         Adult barnacles are sessile – larva swim around awhile before carefully deciding on a place to attach

·         Barnacles, copepods

Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea

Class Maxillopoda

1.    (top left) eye

2.    (bottom left) antenna

3.    (right) eggs

·         Anatomy:

o   Reduced abdomen

o   Barnacles are surrounded by calcareous plates, either attached directly or stalked

o   Copepods have a single central eye, and long antennae

·         Ectoparasites, filter feeders, or plankton grazers

·         Copepods are important part of zooplankton

·         Adult barnacles are sessile – larva swim around awhile before carefully deciding on a place to attach

·         Barnacles, copepods

Lab 7 – Slide 12b

Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea

Class Maxillopoda

·         Anatomy:

o   Reduced abdomen

o   Barnacles are surrounded by calcareous plates, either attached directly or stalked

o   Copepods have a single central eye, and long antennae

·         Ectoparasites, filter feeders, or plankton grazers

·         Copepods are important part of zooplankton

·         Adult barnacles are sessile – larva swim around awhile before carefully deciding on a place to attach

·         Barnacles, copepods

Lab 7 – Slide 12b

Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea

Class Maxillopoda

·         Anatomy:

o   Reduced abdomen

o   Barnacles are surrounded by calcareous plates, either attached directly or stalked

o   Copepods have a single central eye, and long antennae

·         Ectoparasites, filter feeders, or plankton grazers

·         Copepods are important part of zooplankton

·         Adult barnacles are sessile – larva swim around awhile before carefully deciding on a place to attach

·         Barnacles, copepods

Lab 7 – Slide 12b

Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea

Class Maxillopoda

·         Anatomy:

o   Reduced abdomen

o   Barnacles are surrounded by calcareous plates, either attached directly or stalked

o   Copepods have a single central eye, and long antennae

·         Ectoparasites, filter feeders, or plankton grazers

·         Copepods are important part of zooplankton

·         Adult barnacles are sessile – larva swim around awhile before carefully deciding on a place to attach

·         Barnacles, copepods

(Mal= mad… most of them are “mad” because they have pinchers)

•          Anatomy:

•          Long muscular abdomen

•          Compound or stalked eyes

•          Internal gills

•          Many pairs of appendages, many of which are often highly modified

•          Decapods (shrimp, crabs, lobsters), mantis shrimp, krill, amphipods, isopods

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca

(Mal= mad… most of them are “mad” because they have pinchers)

•          Anatomy:

•          Long muscular abdomen

•          Compound or stalked eyes

•          Internal gills

•          Many pairs of appendages, many of which are often highly modified

•          Decapods (shrimp, crabs, lobsters), mantis shrimp, krill, amphipods, isopods

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca

(Mal= mad… most of them are “mad” because they have pinchers)

•          Anatomy:

•          Long muscular abdomen

•          Compound or stalked eyes

•          Internal gills

•          Many pairs of appendages, many of which are often highly modified

•          Decapods (shrimp, crabs, lobsters), mantis shrimp, krill, amphipods, isopods

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca

(Mal= mad… most of them are “mad” because they have pinchers)

•          Anatomy:

•          Long muscular abdomen

•          Compound or stalked eyes

•          Internal gills

•          Many pairs of appendages, many of which are often highly modified

•          Decapods (shrimp, crabs, lobsters), mantis shrimp, krill, amphipods, isopods

1. -Antennae and chewing mouthparts
2. -Long segmented body with 10-200 pairs of legs
3. -All terrestrial
4. -May secrete foul-tasting compounds as adefense mechanism

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda

           - One pair of walking legs per segment

           - Predators

           - Centipedes

1. -Antennae and chewing mouthparts
2. -Long segmented body with 10-200 pairs of legs
3. -All terrestrial
4. -May secrete foul-tasting compounds as adefense mechanism

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda

           - One pair of walking legs per segment

           - Predators

           - Centipedes

1. -Antennae and chewing mouthparts
2. -Long segmented body with 10-200 pairs of legs
3. -All terrestrial
4. -May secrete foul-tasting compounds as adefense mechanism

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda

           - Two pairs of walking legs per segment

           - Mostly feed on decaying vegetation

           - Millipedes

1. -Antennae and chewing mouthparts
2. -Long segmented body with 10-200 pairs of legs
3. -All terrestrial
4. -May secrete foul-tasting compounds as adefense mechanism

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda

           - Two pairs of walking legs per segment

           - Mostly feed on decaying vegetation

           - Millipedes

1. -Antennae and chewing mouthparts
2. -Long segmented body with 10-200 pairs of legs
3. -All terrestrial
4. -May secrete foul-tasting compounds as adefense mechanism

1. –Body usually divided into 3 parts
2. –Antennae
3. –3 pairs of walking legs plus additional feeding appendages/mouthparts

Ex. Buttlerfies

Ex. Grasshopper 

hint: "young grasshopper", grasshopper is similar to young grass hopper

1. •Star-shaped body with central disk & multiple arms (usually 5)
   1. •Arms are broad where attach to disk
   2. •Eyespots on the end of each arm
2. •Predators or scavengers
3. •May turn stomach inside out to feed
4. •Sea stars, cushion stars

Phylum: Echinodermata
Class Asteroidea

1. •Star-shaped body with central disk & multiple arms (usually 5)
   1. •Arms are broad where attach to disk
   2. •Eyespots on the end of each arm
2. •Predators or scavengers
3. •May turn stomach inside out to feed
4. •Sea stars, cushion stars

Anatomy:

•Sea urchins, pencil urchins, sand dollars, sea biscuits, heart urchins

Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea

Anatomy:

Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea

Anatomy:

Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea

Anatomy:

Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea

Anatomy:

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata

Life cycle:

Lancelets: (from phylum chordata)

-Marine animals that burrow in sand in tidal flats

-Poorly developed head

-Point out pharyengeal gill slits, notochord, nerve cord (on top of notochord), rostrum, buccal cirri (tentacles), post-anal tail,

-cats, fish, birds, humans, stingrays, frogs, turtles, sharks, toad

Vertebrata:

-Have a vertebral column (up until now we have been talking about invertebrates)

-Have a bony or cartilaginous endoskeleton

•Integument often modified to produce hair, scales, feathers, horn, etc

•Cranium & vertebral column

•Dioecious, with internal or external fertilization