Habit: low spreading shrub

Twigs: prostrate before curving upwards

Fruit: red aril

Leaves: heart-shaped with unequal lobes

Twigs: zig-zagged

Bark: becoming deeply furrowed into long, narrow, flat scaly ridges

Fruit: pea-sized, attached to leafy bract

Leaves: deeply pinnately lobed, tufts of hair below

Twigs: slender, tree does not self-prune

Fruit: small round acorn, cup encloses 1/4 of nut

Leaves: linear, petiolate, flat, spiral but appearing 2-ranked

Buds: conical, orange, sharp-pointed

Reproductive structure: seed cone, pendant, bracts extend past scales

Leaves: simple, alternate, finely and sharply serrate

Twigs: have a five-pointed pith

Buds: brownish, ovoid, and sharply pointed

Bark: smooth and gray with twisted vertical lines

Fruit: edible pome

Leaves: alternate, simple, variable shape, can be serrate or lobed

Twigs: zig-zagged and armed with thorns

Buds: dark reddish brown, globose, typically adjacent to a thorn

Fruit: red to yellow pome

Habit: small shrub

Leaves: alternate, pinnately compound, prominent stipules fused to petiole

Twigs: armed with prickles

Fruit: red "hip", an aggregate of hairy achenes

Habit: small bush

Leaves: alternate, simple, spatulate, often clustered on short shoots, margins entire

Twigs: have one spine at each node

Bark: gray and finely shredded

Fruit: elongated shiny red berry

Leaves: opposite or sub-opposite, ovate, crenate to serrate, arcuate venation

Buds: appressed, blackish brown, glabrous, terminal bud is a thorn

Fruit: round, black drupe

Leaves: opposite, simple, arcuate veins, "spider web" material when leaves shred

Twigs: pubescent green, becoming smooth and red

Buds: valvate

Fruit: round white or bluish drupe borne in clusters

Bark: green, becoming red

Leaves: alternate, simple, very coarsely toothed, laterally compressed petiole

Twigs: moderately stout

Buds: light gray pubescent, divergent

Bark: smooth and green-orange, becoming dark with irregular fissures at base

Fruit: capsule borne in catkins

Leaves: fascicles of 2, twisted and not divergent

Buds: reddish brown

Twigs: reddish to orange-brown

Bark: distinctly orange/yellow brown on upper trunk

Reproductive Structure: seed cone, not curved

Habitat: native to Europe