Habit: large tree

Leaves: tulip-shaped, 4-lobed with notched tip, long slender petiole

Twigs: stout, reddish brown, diaphragmed pith, stipular scars encircle twig

Fruit: aggregate of samaras, erect and conelike

Habitat: deep, well-drained soils, central hardwood forests

Habit: medium tree

Leaves: alternate, pinnately compound, 5-7 leaflets/leaf, terminal 3 leaflets largest, leaflets broadest at middle and tapering at both ends, margins finely serrate and may be pubescent below, leaflets sessile

Buds: ovate, reddish scales, laterals smaller and divergent

Fruit: nut, husk splits either halfway with unribbed nut or completely with partially ribbed nut

Habitat: central hardwood forests

Habit: medium to large tree

Leaves: alternate, simple, obovate and variable, 7-9 lobed, deep to shallow sinuses, margin entire, petioles short and stout

Buds: clustered at tip, dark reddish brown shiny scales

Bark: ashy gray, vertical plates with deep furrowes in older trees

Fruit: acron with warty scales, cup encloses 1/4 of nut, sessile or short-stalked

Habitat: dry to moist woods, well-drained lowlands, central hardwood forests

Habit: medium tree

Leaves: alternate, pinnately compound, 7-9 leaflets, nearly sessile and broadest at middle, finely serrate and downy beneath

Buds: sulfur yellow, granular, valvate

Bark: gray with interlacing ridges
Fruit: nut, husk thin, 4-winged above middle, slightly scurfy, opens halfway, nut slightly flattened

Habitat: gravelly uplands to moist lowlands, central hardwood forests

Habit: medium tree

Leaves: alternate, pinnately compound, usually 5 leaflets per leaf, serrate with tufts of hair on teeth, leaflets widest above middle, tapering to both ends

Bark: smooth, mottled gray, becoming shaggy

Fruit: nut, solitary or in apairs, husk splits completely, nut 4-ribbed

Habitat: upland sites in north, lowland sites in south, central hardwood forests

Habit: medium tree

Leaves: alternate, simple, deep rounded sinuses an dbristle-tipped lobes, may have tufts of hair on veins

Buds: ovoid, reddish-brown, sometimes with terminal pubescence

Bark: gray to dark brown, fissured with irregular ridges, inner bark pink to red

Fruit: acorn, globose, light reddish brown with concentric rings, bowl-shaped cup encloses 1/3 to 1/2 of nut with tightly appressed reddish brown to orange scales, kernal white

Habitat: dry, sandy, gravelly slopes, central hardwoods forests

Habit: small to medium tree

Leaves-alternate, simple, ovate, singly or irregularly doubly serrate, cordate base

Twigs: slender, reddish brown, wintergreen odor

Buds: lustrous, pointed, glabrous, laterals divergent

Bark: dark red to black, smooth with prominent horizontal lenticels, becoming gray

Fruit: samara

Habitat: mesic uplands, coves, rocky slopes, never in pure stands, central hardwood forests

Habit: medium tree

Leaves: alternate, simple, evergreen, leathery, oval to ovate, entire margings, bronze tomentose below with age

Buds: pale or rusty tomentose, single bud scale

Bark: dark gray, smooth, becoming scaly with age

Fruit: aggregate of follicles, cyllindrical, tomentose, red seeds dangle from white thread when open

Habitat: well drained lowlands and moist uplands, central hardwood forests

Habit: medium tree

Leaves: alternate, simple, oval to oblong, serrate, with curved teeth, orange hairs along midrib below, paired glands on petiole

Twigs: slender, green to red to reddish brown with lenticels, bitter almond smell, spur shoots

Bark: smooth, dark reddish brown with horizontal lenticels, becoming black with plates like burnt potato chips

Fruit: 1 seeded-drupe, nearly black

Habitat: old fields, fence rows, all but driest and wettest sites, best on deep moist, nutrient rich sites, central hardwood forests

Habit: medium tree

Leaves: alternate, simple, ovate to obovate, juvenile and lower crown leaves 3-lobed with small sinuses, older leaves 5-7 bristle-tipped lobes with deep sinuses, pubescent below, petioles pubescent

Buds: terminals clustered, small, pointy, reddish brown, pubescent

Bark: similar to black oak with inner bark slightly yellow, dark broad ridges and shallow fissures

Fruit: small acorn, thin flattened cup covers less than 1/3 of fruit, scales appressed and slightly pubescent

Habitat: dry upland sites, but best growth in riverbottoms, central hardwood forests

Habit: medium tree with buttressed base and divided trunk

Leaves: alternate, simple, elliptical to obovatre, evergreen 13 months, margin entire, may be lightly toothed towards tip, may be slightly revolute, pubescent below

Twigs: light gray and fuzzy, becoming smooth and darker

Bark: dark brown to gray, furrowed with narrow ridges

Fruit: acorn in clusters of 2-5, cup enclses 1/4-1/3 of nut, light brown and tomentose within

Habitat: sandy soils to moist woods, central hardwood forests

Habit: medium tree

Leaves: linear, sessile, pegged, 4-sided, curved, yellow-green, very faint stomatal bands

Twigs: yellow-orange yellow, pubescent

Buds: chestnut brown, pointed, scales extend beyond tip

Bark: reddish brown, shreddy when young, becoming dark and furrowed, inner bark yellow or reddish brown

Reproductive structure: seed cone, ovoid, scales rigid, rounded and nearly entire

Habitat: upland sites to bogs, high elevation conifer forests, central hardwood forests

Habit: small to medium tree

Leaves: linear, sessile, no peg, 2 whitish bands of stomata beneath, appear 2-ranked

Buds: crowded at twig tips, resinous

Bark: smooth with resin blisters, becoming thicker and plated

Fruit: seed cone, erect, bracts longer than scales

Habitat: high elevations of Appalachian Mountains, areas of high precipitation for 2/3 of growing season, high elevation conifer forests, central hardwood forests

Habit: large shrub to small tree, multistemmed, forms thickets

Leaves: alternate, simple, entire, revolute, evergreen, pale white below with rusty hairs, petiole thick

Twigs: stout, light green with reddish hairs

Buds: ovate, rusty pubescent scalesl

Bark: light brown and scaly

Fruit: capsule, sticky, brown, splitting along 5 lines

Habitat: moist soils, high elevation conifer forests, central hardwood forests