Term
| Does oxygen have higher “solubility” dissolved in blood or bound to hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the oxygen-binding site on hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the O2 dissociation curve plot? |
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Definition
| It plots the equilibrium between partial pressure of O2 in the blood and hemoglobin saturation |
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Term
| What is the oxygen capacity of blood? |
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Definition
20 mL O2/dL blood
=(15g Hb/dL)*(1.34 mL O2/g Hb)
Remember: oxygen capacity is the maximum amount of O2 bound to Hb |
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Term
| What is the solubility content of O2 in the plasma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the hemoglobin concentration in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is the partial pressure in the blood when exactly half of the hemoglobin binding sites are occupied by oxygen. |
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Term
| What is the p50 for normal blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would an increase in blood temperature do to the O2 dissociation curve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does a shift of the O2 dissociation curve to the right mean increased or decreased affinity of O2 to Hb? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would a decrease in CO2 in the blood do to the O2 dissociation curve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would an increase in 2-3-DPG do to the O2 dissociation curve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would a decrease in protons (alkalosis) do to the O2 dissociation curve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three forms of CO2 in the blood? |
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Definition
| Physically dissolved (5%), bicarbonate ions (90%), carbamino compounds (5%) |
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Term
| What enzyme in RBCs produces bicarbonate from water and CO2? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are carbamino compounds formed? What is the most important protein involved in this? |
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Definition
| CO2 binds to terminal amine groups in blood proteins; hemoglobin |
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Term
| What 5 gradients allow CO2 to be taken up by RBCs from systemic capillaries and O2 to be unloaded from RBCs into systemic capillaries? |
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Definition
Diffusion gradient
Concentration gradient
Electrical gradient
pH gradient
osmotic gradient
mnemonic:
Drug Cyclists (use) = E P O |
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Term
| What is the diffusion gradient? |
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Definition
| CO2 produced in tissue cells diffuses into the plasma. Carbonic anhydrase within RBCs causes CO2 to diffuse from plasma into RBCs |
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Term
| What is the concentration gradient? |
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Definition
| The hydration of CO2 causes RBC concentration of bicarbonate to increase, moving bicarbonate into the plasma |
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Term
| What is the electrical gradient? |
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Definition
| Movement of bicarbonate out of RBCs sets up a net negative charge, drawing Cl- ions into RBCs |
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Term
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Definition
| H+ ions cannot follow bicarbonate but acidify the RBC cytosol which is in part buffered by hemoglobin |
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Term
| What is the osmotic gradient? |
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Definition
| RBC intracellular osmolarity increases due to metabolic reactions causing RBCs to swell with H2O in the venous blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the maximum saturation level for CO2? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can oxygenated or deoxygenated blood hold more CO2? Why? |
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Definition
| Deoxygenated blood can because it is a weaker acid |
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Term
| What is the change in CO2 content between arterial and venous blood? Change in O2 content? |
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Definition
~4ml gas/dl blood for CO2
~5ml gas/dl blood for O2
Respiratory Quotient (RQ) = CO2 production/O2 consumption = VdotCO2/VdotO2. Normal values range from 0.7 to 1.0 depending on metabolic processes.
In this example, RQ = 4/5 = 0.8. |
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Term
| What is the change in PCO2 between arterial and venous blood? For PO2? |
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Definition
6 mmHg for PCO2
60 mmHg for PO2 |
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Term
| What is the “critical corner”? |
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Definition
| It is the tissue area furthest from the capillaries |
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Term
| What is the Haldane effect? |
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Definition
The Haldane effect is the property that deoxygenation of the blood increases the ability to carry CO2 and vice versa
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