Shared Flashcard Set

Details

KU Soc 104 Exam #3
Smith, Exam #3
120
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/01/2011
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
Of the 40 Ss from Milgram’s experiment who were later given
personality tests, 75% were obedient to the very end of the
experiment.
 Definition
False
Term
Elms & Milgram say that over 50% the Ss in the obedience
experiment obeyed the orders they were given completely in
every version of the experiment.
 Definition
False
Term
Elms & Milgram say that, when Ss in the test showed signs
of conflict, they almost always refused to obey at that point.
 Definition
False
Term
Elms & Milgram note that Ss occasionally failed to obey the
experimenter even when they couldn’t see or hear the victim’s
protests.
 Definition
True
Term
Elms & Milgram gave personality tests to the most defiant and
obedient Ss they could find in the “Proximity Series” experiments.
 Definition
True
Term
Half of Elms’ & Milgram’s test subjects were men and half were
women.
 Definition
False
Term
Ss were paid to participate in the Elms & Milgram personality study.
 Definition
True
Term
Elms & Milgram gave their subjects personality tests (including the
MMPI and the California F Scale) and they interviewed them as well.
 Definition
True
Term
Ss were interviewed mainly about the hot button issues of the day –
the Vietnam war, the civil rights movement, nuclear testing, and the
Cold War.
 Definition
False
Term
Ss were asked to complete “semantic differential” scales” that
included references to parents, employers, and the Nazi war
criminal Adolf Eichmann.
 Definition
True
Term
Obedient Ss scored higher than defiant Ss on the California F Scale
even when education was removed from consideration.
 Definition
True
Term
Elms & Milrgram report that obedient Ss were significantly more
likely to offer positive words to describe their parents that were
defiant subjects.
 Definition
True
Term
The authors regret that they did not ask Ss who had served in the
military whether they had ever actually fired a gun at an enemy
soldier.
 Definition
False
Term
Nearly half of the Ss had been on active duty in the military at one
time or another.
 Definition
True
Term
Over 50% of the defiant Ss who had served in the military said they
had taken shots at enemy soldiers.
 Definition
False
Term
Obedient Ss were likelier than defiant Ss to say positive things about
the experimenter
 Definition
True
Term
Elms & Milgram appear to have been unfamiliar with Adorno’s 1950
study of “the authoritarian personality.”
 Definition
False
Term
Elms & Milgram worry that, unlike the original Adorno study, their
own findings may be tainted by the influence of “response set”
considerations.
 Definition
False
Term
Obedient Ss sympathized with their victims, and even “glorified”
them.
 Definition
False
Term
Elms-Milgram Ss were generally older than Ss in the study by
Adorno et al.
 Definition
True
Term
Elms & Milgram conclude that the differences in the behavior of
defiant and obedient Ss are likely to reflect underlying differences in
their personalities.
 Definition
True
Term
Elms & Milgram say that, overall, obedient Ss appear to be more
likely to “easily” accept the idea of injuring others than defiant Ss.
 Definition
True
Term
Elms and Milgram regret that, unlike the famous earlier study by
Adorno et al., they were unable to observe actual behavior in a
realistic setting.
 Definition
False
Term
Elms & Milgram say that, like Adorno et al., they found that
overconformity tends to accompany underlying destructiveness
toward established authority.
 Definition
True
Term
Elms & Milgram reject the argument that highly obedient Ss are
in any way ambivalent towards authority.
 Definition
False
Term
Elms & Milgram deny that the details of their study permit us to
picture the obedient S as an individual with authoritarian personality
tendencies.
 Definition
False
Term
Elms & Milgram found that obedient Ss obeyed in specific cases even
though, overall, they did not like command-obedience situations in
the abstract.
 Definition
False
Term
The MMPI discriminates largely between pathology and normalcy
 Definition
True
Term
Elms & Milgram deny that an obedient S could be low in
submissiveness but high in the need to release aggressive tensions.
 Definition
False
Term
Elms & Milgram list several earlier articles by Milgram in their
bibliography.
 Definition
True
Term
Tooker says that Iroquois society was thought to be matriarchal largely
because it was a matrilineal clan society.
 Definition
True
Term
Tooker calls Morgan’s 1851 book still the “single best description” of
Iroquois society.
 Definition
True
Term
Until Morgan wrote about them, the Iroquois were an obscure and
neglected people.
 Definition
False
Term
Tooker says that Iroquois clans claimed to be descended, not from
totemic ancestral founders, but from stars and other celestial bodies.
 Definition
False
Term
Five tribes united to form the “League of the Iroquois,” with a council of
50 chiefs
 Definition
True
Term
Newly chosen Iroquois chiefs were given the names of their deceased
predecessors
 Definition
True
Term
Women traditionally dominated the deliberations of Iroquois councils.
 Definition
False
Term
Iroquois decisions were binding only if they were reached by consensus.
 Definition
True
Term
Every clan in every Iroquois tribe had at least one chief.
 Definition
False
Term
Tooker says that, by choosing the chiefs, Iroquois women acted as the
ruling political power in their society.
 Definition
False
Term
The Iroquois “Three Sisters” were angelic but avenging divinities to
whom the Iroquois prayed for good fortune in war.
 Definition
False
Term
Divorce was strictly forbidden among the Iroquois.
 Definition
False
Term
The Iroquois lived semi-settled, semi-nomadic lives.
 Definition
True
Term
The Iroquois relied entirely on farming for their food and subsistence.
 Definition
False
Term
The Iroquois built long-lasting homes of adobe-like bricks.
 Definition
False
Term
Tooker objects to calling Iroquois kinship “classificatory.”
 Definition
True
Term
Iroquois moieties are said to have been exogamous in the past.
 Definition
True
Term
Tooker says that the Iroquois posited “reciprocal obligations” between
chiefs and the people, between spirits and humans, and between men
and women.
 Definition
True
Term
By the 17
th
century, the Iroquois had long since ceased to live in the
forest.
 Definition
False
Term
Iroquois villages were regarded as pre-eminently female domains.
 Definition
True
Term
Iroquois women, upon marriage, left their original homes to move in
with their husbands.
 Definition
False
Term
The typical Iroquois man lived in a single longhouse from childhood to
old age.
 Definition
False
Term
Iroquois and Huron men were such successful hunters that they had no
need to depend on women for economic support.
 Definition
False
Term
Iroquois chiefs could not assume that their sons would succeed them.
 Definition
True
Term
Iroquois men were constantly in search of economic security.
 Definition
True
Term
According to Ross, “dispositions” include culturally learned responses to
people outside the community.
 Definition
True
Term
Ross says that psychocultural explanations are usually more intuitively
appealing than structural explanations.
 Definition
False
Term
Ross says that, for Freud, the society was essentially the family writ large.
 Definition
True
Term
LeVine says that many social scientists rejected the once-popular idea that
watered-down psychoanalytic theory could resolve major world problems.
 Definition
True
Term
Ross describes Freud’s theory as “reductionist.”
 Definition
True
Term
Ross says that infants strive exclusively to fulfill their physical cravings.
 Definition
False
Term
Infants as young as five months old can recognize faces which they saw a
week earlier for just a minute.
 Definition
True
Term
Linus, in the comic strip Peanuts, almost always carries a blanket.
Winnicott would call this blanket a “transitional object.”
 Definition
True
Term
Ross says that, because the human capacity to form intimate bonds with
others is innate, it cannot be damaged by a lack of early nurturance.
 Definition
False
Term
Ross says that harsh physical and emotional experiences in childhood
induce feelings of guilt and anxiety.
 Definition
True
Term
Ross says authoritarian personality theory, like orthodox psychoanalytic
theory, rejects the idea that severe child training leads to later aggressivity.
 Definition
False
Term
For Ross, loving child-rearing is simply the opposite of harsh socialization.
 Definition
False
Term
Closeness between fathers and children encourages the development of
peace-making skills.
 Definition
True
Term
Montagu profiled seven small-scale societies in which harsh child-rearing
and highly aggressive role models were extremely common.
 Definition
False
Term
Ross says that “diluted marriage” is almost completely unknown in
patrilocal, polygynous cultures.
 Definition
False
Term
Ross says that boys in cultures in which fathers are aloof and mothers are
ambivalent often suffer from ambivalence themselves.
 Definition
True
Term
According to Whiting & Whiting, children develop unusually authoritarian
and aggressive tendencies in societies where fathers play remote and
unsympathetic roles in child rearing and family life.
 Definition
True
Term
Ross says that both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland view
themselves as powerful majorities.
 Definition
False
Term
Ross says that one of the greatest strengths of psychocultural theory is
its power as a predictive tool.
 Definition
False
Term
Ross says that psychocultural theory is extraordinarily effective in
explaining why specific social groups become targets of hostility.
 Definition
True
Term
The Rwandan genocide was a complete surprise, predicted by no one.
 Definition
False
Term
During famines, Rwabugiri opened his granary to the poor and needy.
 Definition
True
Term
The first independent Rwandan regime, led by Kayibanda, won lasting
popularity by establishing a multi-party democracy.
 Definition
False
Term
Over one million households in Habyarimana’s Rwanda belonged to
“cellules” of about 100 households each.
 Definition
True
Term
Rwandan prosperity reached new heights in the late 1980s.
 Definition
False
Term
Women grew most of the coffee in Habyarimana’s Rwanda.
 Definition
True
Term
The Twa were the wealthy "one percent" in Habyarimana’s Rwanda.
 Definition
False
Term
The system of forced coffee cultivation in Rwanda broke down when
people simply refused to participate any longer.
 Definition
True
Term
When Yoweri Museveni came to power in 1986, Rwandans in Uganda
ceased to be a marginalized minority.
 Definition
False
Term
The Arusha Accord of 1993 would have given the RPF control over
nearly 25% of Rwanda’s ministries.
 Definition
True
Term
Many victims of the Rwandan genocide were killed in public places,
including churches.
 Definition
True
Term
The word “Tutsi” means “fearsome archer” or, more generally, “foe.”
 Definition
False
Term
Wealthy Hutus could “Tutsify” by undergoing a process of “deHutuization.”
 Definition
True
Term
Both “land chiefs” and “cattle chiefs” were exclusively Tutsis, not Hutus.
 Definition
False
Term
The Belgian colonialists created a bloated Tutsi bureaucracy of 20,000
chiefs plus an even larger number of Tutsi sub-chiefs.
 Definition
False
Term
Very few Rwandan peasants at the time of the genocide owned radios.
 Definition
False
Term
Anti-Tutsi prejudices and practices were often directed against Tutsi
women in particular.
 Definition
True
Term
Centralized family complexes are often riddled with sharp tensions.
 Definition
True
Term
Rootless youth who migrated to the cities organized “moral purity”
brigades that banned drunkenness and brawling.
 Definition
False
Term
Seven in ten Rwandan genocide survivors were women, and 90%
showed signs of clinical trauma.
 Definition
True
Term
The Oliners say that “dominating structures” exert so much power over
us as individuals that we are generally powerless to resist them.
 Definition
False
Term
The Oliners interviewed people almost exclusively in eastern Europe.
 Definition
False
Term
Among “non-rescuers,” the Oliners distinguish “actives” (who said that
they had fought the Nazis) from “bystanders” (who kept to themselves).
 Definition
True
Term
For Durkheim, altruism is not just a personal quality but a social fact --
a way of thinking, feeling, and acting that is common to many people.
 Definition
True
Term
The Oliners say that people who find gratification in helping others are
not really altruistic, even if they seek no reward or recognition and they
risk more than they gain.
 Definition
False
Term
If the Oliners had read Schindler’s List (which appeared after their book)
they would have heard of Oskar Schindler’s role in rescuing the Jews.
 Definition
True
Term
The Oliners argue that social class was entirely irrelevant with respect to
Holocaust rescue efforts.
 Definition
True
Term
The Oliners say that social learning theorists would have trouble
explaining acts that are not prompted by interest in external rewards.
 Definition
True
Term
Even the majority non-rescuers say they knew what fate Hitler intended
for the Jews.
 Definition
True
Term
People in every nation that fell under Nazi domination (Poland, France,
Holland, etc.) were equally likely to witness Nazi brutality personally.
 Definition
True
Term
Most rescuers lived alone with few neighbors and did not worry that
their efforts would be disclosed or discovered by anyone close to them.
 Definition
False
Term
Bystanders were generally more middle-income than rescuers, whose
ranks included more of the very poor and the very well off.
 Definition
False
Term
Rescuers and bystanders were almost equally likely to have access to a
cellar.
 Definition
True
Term
Rescuers were more likely than others to belong to networks and
families that they had reason to think would help and support them.
 Definition
True
Term
Most rescuers volunteered their help, without waiting to be asked.
 Definition
False
Term
Even some rescuers said that they had refused to help Jews at times.
 Definition
True
Term
According to the Oliners, rescuers “simply happened” to have more
opportunities to help Jews than non-rescuers did.
 Definition
False
Term
Poles were “shocked” when they were conquered by the Nazis; the
French were more likely to feel “despair.”
 Definition
True
Term
Although most bystanders hated the Nazis, they felt too fearful and
hopeless to rise against them.
 Definition
True
Term
Rescuers and “actives” were equally likely to stress that their actions
were primarily motivated by hatred for the Nazis.
 Definition
False
Term
The Oliners found that religion played essentially no role in inspiring
Holocaust rescuers to help Jews.
 Definition
True
Term
The Oliners discovered that almost half of all rescuers helped the Jews
mainly as an expression of patriotic resistance to the Nazis.
 Definition
False
Term
Values of “economic competence,” the Oliners say, are often linked with
materialism and may be linked to conformism and ethnocentrism, too.
 Definition
True
Term
Rescuers, the Oliners say, were not motivated by materialistic concerns,
but rather by concerns of equity or care.
 Definition
True
Term
Bystanders were substantially more likely than rescuers to report that
their parents had demanded obedience from them.
 Definition
True
Supporting users have an ad free experience!