Term
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Definition
-Located in walls of heart
-striated
-involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
-located in walls of hollow viscearal organs.
-spindle shaped
-involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
-occur in muscles attached to skeleton
-striated
-voluntary |
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Term
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Definition
| -Adequate amounts necessary for stable mood and to balance excessive excitatory neruo. firing in brain |
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Term
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Definition
| -Plays role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| -helps control brains reward and pleasure centers |
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Term
| Norepinephrine (Excitatory) |
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Definition
| -excitatory neurotransmitter responsible for stimulatory processes in body |
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Term
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Definition
| -excitatory neurotransmitter reflective of stress |
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Term
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Definition
| -passes food from mouth to stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| -adds acids, enzymes, fluids. Turns food into liquid mass |
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Term
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Definition
| Where most chemical digestion takes place |
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Term
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Definition
-Holds rectum closed.
-Opens to allow elimination |
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Term
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Definition
| -Stores waste prior to elimination |
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Term
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Definition
-Reabsorbs water and minerals.
-Passes waste along with water to rectum |
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Term
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Definition
-receives fecal material from ileum.
-connects ascending colon of L.I. |
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Term
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Definition
-Food crushed and liquefied by teeth, tongue, peristalic contractions of stomach and S.I.
-creates greater surface area for digestive enzymes to work. |
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Term
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Definition
-Breaking food into simpler molecules to be absorbed
-salivary glands produce saliva, lubricates food and begins the process of starch digestion
-food leaves mouth, esophagus conducts it to stomach via cardiac sphincter by means of peristaltic waves of smooth muscle contraction. |
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Term
| Segments of Small Intestine |
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Definition
-Duodenum (iron absorption)
-Jejunum (absorb carbs & protein)
-Ileum (absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts, w.e. not absorbed by jejunum) |
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Term
| Segments of Large Intestine |
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Definition
-Cecum (receives fecal matter from ileum, connects ascending colon to L.I)
-Colon (extract water & salt from solid waste before eliminated)
-Rectum (store waste before elim.)
-Anal Canal (where elim. takes place) |
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Term
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Definition
-goes from esophagus to anus
-Myenteric plexus (outer)- runs entire length of ENS
-Submucosa plexus (gastro secretions and local blood flow regulation) |
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Term
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Definition
Interdigestive- (thought,smell of food, saliva released
-Cephalic (digestion in mouth (Carbs & fats)
-Gastric (digestion in stomach (Carbs & Protein
-Intestinal (digestion in S.I. (Fats & protein) |
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Term
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Definition
-Nondigestible food substances
-stimulate growth and activity of good bacteria in GI System
-ex. activia, fiber, imulin, oligofructose |
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Term
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Definition
-Live bacteria
-reintroduce or change bacteria in intestines
-antibiotics
-IBD help (keep bacteria growth) |
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Term
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Definition
| -encloses contents of cell, lipid bi-layer |
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Term
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Definition
-Supports and controls movement of other cells
-gel like
-sends messages |
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Term
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Definition
| -organelles that assemble amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
-flattened fluid lice sacs, stacked
-modifies, sorts, packages proteins for use in and out of cell
-Cis- accepts new proteins
-Trans- deliver proteins |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
-Network of tubes and flattened sacs
-ribosomes attached
-protein synthesis, hormes, use in and out of cell |
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Term
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Definition
-contain enzymes to digest bacteria, natural particles, cell waste
-aids in bone reabsorption |
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Term
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
-Lacks attach. riosomes
-involved in lipid metabolism
-detox of drugs, deactiv. of steroid hormone
-in muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
-most pronounced cellular organelle
-holds DNA, chromosomes, genes |
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Term
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Definition
-inside nucleus
-contains densley packed chromosomes
-respons. for forming ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
-cell powerhouse
-chem. energy stored here, ATP, cell energy
-krebs cycle, fatty acid oxidation, carboxylation of pyruvate |
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Term
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Definition
-secretion of digestive enzymes
-emptying bile in gallbladder
-produced when digestion process needs to handle fats from chime |
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Term
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Definition
-secretion of sodium bicarbonate in pancreas
-controls acidity of chime |
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Term
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Definition
-aids in building of cell membranes
-produce bile
-insulates nerve fibers
-produces hormones (sex, steroid, vit D) |
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Term
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Definition
-peptide hormone regulated endocrine system
-reduces intestinal absorption of glucose
-produces decrease in blood glucose concentration |
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Term
| Protein Synthesis in Body |
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Definition
DNA-replicated, transcription to RNA, translation from RNA to amino acids
-tRNA triplets code for amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
-Function- membrane transport, synthesis of molecules, mechanical work
-glycolysis- generates 2 pyruvate molecules per glucose- enters mitochon. as Acetyl CoA, enters krebs cycle
-ATP generated anaerobically in one reaction of glycolo
-enters ETC after crebs cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| -glucose, galactose, fructose |
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Term
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Definition
| -maltose, lactose, sucrose |
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Term
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Definition
-glycogen- storage of carbs in animals
-starch- food reserve in plants
-cellulose- structural comp. of plants |
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Term
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Definition
-doesn't provide calories
-dissolve in fats
A,D,E,K
-absorbed through intestinal cells |
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Term
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Definition
-dissolve in water
B, C
-absorbed along small and large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
-B1- thiamin
-B2- riboflavin
-B3- Niacin
-B6- Pyridoxine
-Pantothenic acid
-biotin
-B12- colbalamin
-folate |
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Term
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Definition
more than 100 mg a day
-calcium, chloride, sodium, sulfur, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium |
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Term
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Definition
-less than 100 mg a day
-zinc, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese |
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Term
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Definition
| -non-nutrient compounds found in plant derived foods that have biological activity in body |
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Term
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Definition
| -excess or deficient food, energy, nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
-deficient energy or nutrients
-SES of vitamin deficiencies |
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Term
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Definition
-excess energy or nutrients
-diabetes and heart disease are concerns
-MODY (mature onset diabetic youth |
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Term
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Definition
| -produces bile which emulsifies fat |
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Term
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Definition
-produces digestive enzymes
-bicarbonate to neutralize chyme |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-stores monosaccharides, fats, amino acids (later use as fuel
-stores vitamins and makes blood |
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