Term
| 2 factors influencing post comp A-state |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is a physiological response and is subjective. |
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Definition
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Term
| Emotion is a ______ and is ______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the multidimensions of anxiety? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is cognitive anxiety? |
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Definition
| negative subjective interpretation |
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Term
| Can be caused by any stimuli and is a negative emotion. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary cause of competitive/performance anxiety? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 5 factors influencing pre comp A-state? |
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Definition
Fear of failure
Fear of physical harm
Perfectionism
Change in routine
Situation ambiguity |
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Term
| What two tests are Unidimensional measures of A-Trait? |
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Definition
TAI - Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Inventory
SCAT - SportCompetition Anxiety Test |
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Term
| A test that measures both somatic and cognitive anxiety together is what dimensional? |
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Definition
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Term
| A test that measures both somatic and cognitive anxiety seperately is what dimensional? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two tests are a Multidimensional A-Trait? |
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Definition
CSAQ - Cognitive Somatic Anxiety Questionaire
SAS - Sport Anxiety Scale |
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Term
| What two tests are a Unidimensional measure of A-State? |
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Definition
SAI - Spielberger's State Anxiety Intervention
CSAI - Competitive State Anxiety Inventory |
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Term
| What three tests are a Multidimensional measure A-State? |
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Definition
AD-ACL Checklest - Activation - Deactivation Checklist
CSAI-2 - Competitive State Anxiety Inventory - 2
CSI-2R - Reviesd Competitive Stress Anxiety - 2 |
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Term
| What are 4 characteristics of A-trait? |
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Definition
Personality trait
Gentic
Does not change
Make predictions |
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Term
| What are 4 characteristics of cognitive A-state? |
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Definition
-Negative thinking
-Situational
-Changes
-No predictions |
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Term
| What are 4 characteristics of somatic A-state? |
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Definition
-Arousal
-Situational
-Changes
-No predictions |
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Term
| How was Weinberg and Hunts reasearch done and what did it conclude? |
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Definition
-EMG
-Co-contractions decreased performance |
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Term
| What does the Multidimensional Anxiety theory state? |
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Definition
| There is an independent relationship between somatic and cognitive anxiety |
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Term
| What does the Catastrophe Theory state? |
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Definition
| There is a dependent relationship between somatic and cognitive anxiety |
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Term
| What does the Zone of Optimal function theory state? |
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Definition
| Individuals have zones of anxiety for optimal performance |
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Term
| What does the Directionality theory state? |
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Definition
-Individuals have their own perception of anxiety "Intensity"
-Facilitative or Debilitative |
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Term
| What is the Reversal Theory? |
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Definition
| Individuals have dominance of either telic or paratelic personality traits |
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Term
| If someone is peratelic what do they prefer? |
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Definition
| Increased SA and excitement |
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Term
| If someone is Telic what do they prefer? |
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Definition
| Reduced SA and state of relaxation |
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Term
| ______ is a personal response in dealing with a situation. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two coping styles? |
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Definition
| Problem focused and Emotion focused |
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Term
| What are two problem focused strategies? |
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Definition
-Problem focused approach style
-Problem focused avoidence style |
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Term
| How many coping strategies are there? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are two emotion focused coping strategies? |
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Definition
-Emotion focused approach style
-Emotion focused avoidance style |
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Term
| What are the two conclusion of factors influencing coping skill? |
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Definition
-Can be learned in sport performance situations
-Athletes/Performers use Problem focused approach style strategy |
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Term
| How do you measure coping skill? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one factor of anxiety that affects performance? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the anxiety spiral? |
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Definition
| anxiety => decline performance => increased anxiety => decline performance |
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Term
| What are 4 different types of anxiety intervention strategies? |
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Definition
-Psyching up strategies
-Relaxation strategies
-Cognitive strategies
-Combination strategies |
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Term
| What type of anxiety do both psyching up and relaxation strategies focus on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of psyching up strategies? |
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Definition
| Increase somatic anxiety to optimal levels |
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Term
| What is the goal of relaxation strategies? |
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Definition
| To reduce somatic anxiety |
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Term
| What are 4 different types of psyching up strategies? |
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Definition
-Goal setting
-Self activation
-Imagery
-Self talk |
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Term
| What are 6 different types of relaxation strategies? |
|
Definition
-Progressive relaxtion
-Autogenic training
-Meditation
-Biofeedback
-Hypnosis
-Diaphragmatic breathing |
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Term
| What is the key to progressive relaxation? |
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Definition
| Learn to differentiate between tension and relaxation |
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Term
| How many muscle groups were in modified progressive relaxation and how long did it take? |
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Definition
| 16 muscle groups and 20 minutes |
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Term
| How many muscle groups were in abreviated progressive relaxation and how lnog did it take? |
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Definition
| 5 muscle groups and it took 5 minutes |
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Term
| How does body scan work and how long does it take? |
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Definition
| Only identify tension and it takes 5 seconds |
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Term
| What is the basis of autogenic training? |
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Definition
| -Body <=> Mind connection |
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Term
| What is the key to autogenic training? |
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Definition
| Induce 2 physical sensations => Warmth and Heaviness |
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Term
| What is the contraindication of autogenic training? |
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Definition
| Bad for people with diabetes, heart conditions and young children |
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Term
| What is the basis of meditation? |
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Definition
| Mind/body relaxation by controlling; thinking and breathing |
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Term
What are 3 keys of meditation?
|
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Definition
-Originated over 4,000 years ago in India and Asia
-Can be spiritual
-Became popular in 70's |
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Term
| What is the basis for Biofeedback? |
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Definition
| Learn to gain voluntary control of the autonomic nervous system |
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Term
| What are 3 keys of Biofeedback? |
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Definition
-Monitoring devices
-Expensive
-Time consuming |
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Term
| What is the basis of Hypnosis? |
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Definition
| Suggested changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings and/or behaviors |
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Term
| What are 2 common myths of hypnosis? |
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Definition
-Act against will
-Only weak minded people can be hypnotized |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the basis of Diaphragmatic breathing? |
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Definition
| Muscle tension releases with exhalation |
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|
Term
| What 2 keys to diaphragmatic breathing? |
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Definition
-Using whole lung
-Easy to use in performance situations |
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Term
| What are 3 cognitive interventions strategies? |
|
Definition
-Imagery
-Goal setting
-Cognitive restructuring |
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Term
| What is the basis for goal setting? |
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Definition
| Aim or object of what we are trying to obtain |
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Term
| What is the basis of coping imagery? |
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Definition
| Learn to cope with anxious situation |
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|
Term
| What is the key to coping imagery? |
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Definition
| Must have the ability to image |
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|
Term
| What is an example of coping imagery? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 steps to coping imagery? |
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Definition
-Rank situations
-Learn to cope mentally with imagery
-Transfer into performance situation |
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Term
| What is the basis for cognitive restructuring? |
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Definition
| Change the way of thinking |
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Term
| What are 3 examples of cognitive restructuring? |
|
Definition
-Thought stopping
-Irrational thinking
-Centering procedure |
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Term
| What are 3 steps of thought stopping? |
|
Definition
-Recongize negative self talk
-Interrupt the thought
-Replace negative with positive |
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Term
| What are 4 examples of irrational thinking? |
|
Definition
-Perfection is essential
-Catastrophizing
-Personalization
-Blaming |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 steps of the centering procedure? |
|
Definition
-Remove negative thoughts
-Center attention and adjust arousal
-Narrowly focus attention externally
-Execute performance |
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Term
| What do combination strategies do? |
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Definition
| Combine both cognitive and somatic anxiety strategies |
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Term
| What are 3 examples of combination strategies? |
|
Definition
-VMBR - Visual motor behavior response
-SMT - Stress management training
-SIT - Stress inoculation training |
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Term
| What are 3 steps to VMBR? |
|
Definition
-Relaxation training
-Practice of imagery in sport related environment
-Sport specific application of imagery |
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Term
|
Definition
Conceptualization phase
-Skills acquisition phase
-Inoculation against stress through little steps |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-Conceptualization of stress phase
-Skills acquisition phase
-Practice managing emotional stress |
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Term
| ________ is the process that directs awareness as information becomes available to senses. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is the mechanism in the brain that allows us to direct/change attention. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ is the ability to sustain focus. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ is the length of time you can focus and concentrate. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _______ are necessary information to perform a task/movement. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ is unnecessary information. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ is an error due to motor reproduction. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is an error due to attention. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the information processing model look like? |
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Definition
| S => cognition ==> R => +/- Re |
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Term
|
Definition
| Taking info into the brain |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 parts of perception? |
|
Definition
-Attentional mech
-Selective attention
-Orienting response
-Scanning |
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|
Term
| What is 1 aspect of the attentional mechanism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 aspects of the Orienting response? |
|
Definition
- Hijacks attentional mechanism
- Getting off relevant information
-Subconsious |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 parts of cognition? |
|
Definition
-Perception
-Central processing
-Response decision |
|
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Term
| What is the order of central processing? |
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Definition
| Sensory register => Short term memory => Long term memory |
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Term
| To take something from short term memory and put it into long term memroy what needs to be done? |
|
Definition
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Term
| To take something from long term memory and bring it into short term memroy what needs to be done? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are 3 rehearsal strategies to put something into long term memory? |
|
Definition
-Chunking
-Pneumatic device
-Songs/Rhymes/Poem |
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Term
| What are 5 rehearsal strategies to take something from long term memory and recall it to short term memory? |
|
Definition
-Chunking
-Pneumatic device
-Songs/Rhymes/Poem
-Note card
-Study group |
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Term
| ______ is the mental decision that is made after processing the info prior to overt response. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes response delay? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two types of response delay interference? |
|
Definition
-Capacity interference
-Structural interference |
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|
Term
| What is capacity interference? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is structural interference? |
|
Definition
| Body structures compete for attentional mechanism |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of structural interference? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 attention styles? |
|
Definition
-Broad internal
-Broad external
-Narrow internal
-Narrow external |
|
|
Term
| What describes the direction of attentional style? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What describes the width of attentional styles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of BI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of BE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of NI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of NE? |
|
Definition
| Batter focusing on elbow and step |
|
|
Term
| What is one way to measure attentional styles? |
|
Definition
| self report - TAIS (Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 stages of attentional style pattern? |
|
Definition
-BE
-BI => NI
-NE
-BI
-BE |
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|
Term
| What does cue utilization say? |
|
Definition
| as anxiety increases => info processing decreases |
|
|
Term
| What does attentional shifting say? |
|
Definition
| as anxiety increases => shift attentional style |
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|
Term
| What is combination cue utilization and attentional style shifting? |
|
Definition
| The combination of the two |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 cognitive explanations? |
|
Definition
- Cue utilization
- Attentional shifting
-Combination cue utilization |
|
|
Term
| What are 6 studies of attentional control reasearch in sport? |
|
Definition
- Qualifiers vs. non qualifiers
- Length of time focusing
- Choking
- Attentional strategies
-Attentional controls
- Attention and skill level
|
|
|
Term
| What is the optimal length of time to focus in sport? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 dimensions do attentional strategies observe? |
|
Definition
- Direction of attention
- Task relevance |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 different attentional strategies? |
|
Definition
- Associative strategy
- Distraction strategy |
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|
Term
| What are some examples of what the Internal/External associative strategies focus on? |
|
Definition
- Internal (focus on form)
- External (time, distance, strategy) |
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|
Term
| What are some examples of what the Internal/External distraction strategies focus on? |
|
Definition
- Internal (day dreaming)
- External (any non activity related external info) |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 attentional controls? |
|
Definition
- Performers
- Coaches
- Athletic trainers
- Officials |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 stages of learning associated to attention and skill level? |
|
Definition
- Cognitive stage
- Associative stage
- Autonomic stage |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the amount of attention required as you move from Cognitive => Associative => Autonomic skill levels? |
|
Definition
| The amount of attention required decreases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of attentional control |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 steps in the process of choking? |
|
Definition
- Turn to attentional style strength
- Attention involulntarily narrows
- Attention turns internal |
|
|
Term
| According to ACT how many attentional styles does an athlete need to engage in? |
|
Definition
| All 4 attentional styles. |
|
|
Term
| T/F - According to ACT different performance situations require different attentional demands. |
|
Definition
| True - Different performance situations require different attentional demands. |
|
|
Term
| T/F - According to ACT ID's have the same attentional style strengths and weaknesses. |
|
Definition
| False - ID's have different attentional style strengths and weaknesses. |
|
|
Term
| T/F - According to ACT, Optimal conditions: the average performer can meet the attentional demands of most situations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to ACT what do performers do in regards to attentional style as anxiety increases? |
|
Definition
| Go into their attentional style strength |
|
|
Term
| According to ACT what happens to a performer as anxiety continues to increase? |
|
Definition
- Involuntary narrowing
- Become internally focused |
|
|
Term
| To facilitate attentional control what two types of strategies should be used? |
|
Definition
- Attentional control strategies
- Anxiety control strategies |
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