Term
| What are the 3 types of cartilage? |
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Definition
| Fibrocartilage, Hyaline & Elastic |
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Term
| Does hylauronic acid form the GAG chains of a proteoglycan? |
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Definition
| No, the proteoglycan is the brush & HA is the long GAG on which they attach |
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Term
| What is the difference between a proteoglycan & hyaluronic acid? How do these molecules interact? |
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Definition
| Proteoglycan is GAG + protein & HA is just GAG. They interact through linker proteins. |
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Term
| What proteins make up elastic fiber? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of collagen are found in hyalin cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of collagen are found in elastic cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of collagens are found in fibrocartilage? |
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Definition
| It has fibers, mostly type I |
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Term
| Which arteries & veins innervate hyaline cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cartilage is in the ear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two mechanisms of cartilage growth? |
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Definition
Interstitial:
Division of pre-existing chondrocytes
Early phases of chondrogenesis
Epiphyseal plates
Articular cartilage
Apposition:
Perichondrial cells differentiate
Growth in girth |
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Term
| What cell types are found in cartilage? |
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Definition
| Chondroblast & chondrocyte |
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Term
| Name 2 components of the intervertebral disk & the tissue each is composed of |
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Definition
Nucleus pulposus - mucous CT &
Annulus fibrosus – collagen bundles in dense CT |
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Term
| Is the perichondrium surrounding fibrocartilage & articular cartilage composed of dense CT or loose CT ? |
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Definition
there is no perichondrium surrounding those cartilage
they are EXCEPTIONS |
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Term
| What is the perichondrium? |
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Definition
Layer of dense connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage
contains vascular supply - nutrients diffuse through matrix to reach cells |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of cartilage? |
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Definition
specialized form of CT
avascular
has firm consistency
able to bear mechanical stress without permanent distortion |
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Term
| What is the function of cartilage? |
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Definition
shock absorber
supports soft tissues
facilitates bone movement
sliding area for joints
development/growth of long bones |
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Term
| Which type of cartilage participates in the initial formation of a bone in bone growth? |
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Definition
| hyaline cartilage, it is found in the epiphyseal plates of growing bones |
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Term
| What is the function of hyaline cartilage? |
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Definition
temporary skeleton in embryo- replaced by bone
responsible for long bone growth
support soft tissues
participates in joint structure |
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Term
| What is the location of hyaline cartilage? |
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Definition
skeleton of fetus
epiphyseal plates of growing bones
walls of larger respiratory passages (nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi)
articular surfaces of moveable joints |
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Term
| What is the territorial matrix? |
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Definition
immediately around cell
rich in GAG, poor in collagen
intense basophilia |
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Term
| What is the interterritorial matrix? |
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Definition
between cells
balanced ratio of GAG and collagen |
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Term
| Characteristics of elastic cartilage |
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Definition
Appears yellow in fresh tissue
Is more flexible than hyaline cartilage
Function: for flexible support
Composition: same as hyaline cartilage, plus elastic fibers |
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Term
| Elastic cartilage location |
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Definition
| external ear, walls of external auditory canal, eustatian tubes, epiglottis |
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Term
| Fibrocartilage characteristics |
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Definition
Characteristics intermediate between dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage
Develops from dense connective tissue
Composition:
Cells- chondrocytes
Fibers- lots of type I collagen (and some type II collagen)
Ground substance- same as hyaline
Arrangement:
Collagen fibers form irregular bundles between chondrocyte groups- are aligned parallel to stresses acting on fibrocartilage |
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Term
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Definition
Vertebral Discs
Pubic Symphysis
Some bony attachments of:
Ligaments
Tendons
Components of some diarthroses:
Around knee, glenoid fossa & acetabulum
Articular discs of clavicle & mandible |
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Term
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Definition
| Add Shock Absorption to Tensile Strength |
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Term
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Definition
abnormality of joint
imbalance between synthesis and degeneration of cartilage and bone |
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