Term
|
Definition
Designed to serve the hand:
1. provides mobility for hand in space
2. stability for wrist and hand actions |
|
|
Term
| What is the elbow complex made up of? |
|
Definition
3 bones
3 ligaments
2 joints
1 capsule |
|
|
Term
| What are the elbow joint articulations? |
|
Definition
1. Ulnohumeral joint: the trochlea of the humerus to the trochlear notch of the ulna
2. Radiohumeral joint: Capitulum of the humerus to the head of the radius |
|
|
Term
| What are the articulations between the radius and ulna? |
|
Definition
1. The Radioulnar joint: articulate at both ends!
Proximal end: head of radius pivots within the radial notch of the ulna...forming the superior or proximal radioulnar joint.
Distal end: Ulnar notch of radius rotates around the head of the ulna....forms the inferior or distal radioulnar joint |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the radioulnar joint and what type of movement does it allow? |
|
Definition
Uniaxial pivot joint
pronation and supination of the forearm occurs at the radioulnar joint
|
|
|
Term
What type of joint is the elbow joint? What movement does it allow?
|
|
Definition
Hinge Joint- 1 degree of freedom
Flexion/Extension of the elbow at the ulnohumeral and radiohumeral joints. |
|
|
Term
| How are the radius and ulna positioned during pronation and supination? |
|
Definition
Supination: Radius and Ulna are parallel
Pronation: Radius crosses over the ulna
*Radius moves, Ulna does not! Therefore, a muscle must attach on the radius to be able to pronate or supinate the forearm! |
|
|
Term
| What is the axis if the forearm? |
|
Definition
| Through the head of radius proximally and head of ulna distally |
|
|
Term
| What is the carrying angle? |
|
Definition
In anatomical position, the longitudinal axes of the humerus and forearm.
*This angle tends to be greater in woman |
|
|
Term
| Why does the carrying angle occur? |
|
Definition
Because the distal end of the humerus is not level! The medial side (trochlea) is lower than the lateral side (capitulum).
*when the ulna and radius rotate about the trochlea and capitulum, they do not do so in a straight line like a normal hinge joint |
|
|
Term
| Name the bony landmarks of the Humerus (and location and function) *loc and function not in slides! |
|
Definition
1. Medial/Lateral epicondyles (sides of the distal end about trochlea. Medial is larger than lateral- provides pronator teres muscle attachment)
2. olecranon fossa (Posterior surface, between medial and lateral epicondyles- articulates with olecranon process of ulna.
3. trochlea (medial side of distal end- articulates with unla)
4. capitulum (lateral side, next to trochlea- articulates with head of radius)
|
|
|
Term
| Name the bony landmarks of the Ulna (3) |
|
Definition
1. Olecranon Process - (proximal end of ulna on posterior side...funny bone. Attachment for triceps
2. Trochlear notch- (anterior surface at proximal end). Articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
3. Coronoid- (just below the trochlear notch...provides attachment for the brachialis muscles |
|
|
Term
| Name the bony landmarks of the Radius |
|
Definition
1. Head - Proximal end, articulates with the capitulum of humerus
2. Neck -
3. Radial tuberosity- (medial side near proximal end- attachment for biceps muscle) |
|
|
Term
See pg 124 figure 10.9 (right ulna)
10.10 (right radius) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the elbow ligaments? Name them |
|
Definition
To provide medial and lateral stability and reinforce elbow joint.
1. Radial Collateral (lateral collateral)
2. Annular
3. Ulnar Collateral (Medial collateral) |
|
|
Term
| What do the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments do? |
|
Definition
| strengthen the elbow joint |
|
|
Term
| What does the annular ligament do? |
|
Definition
| It encircles the radial head & binds it to the ulna |
|
|
Term
| What are the three ligaments enveloped in? |
|
Definition
a capsule lined by synovial membrane
( a thick, vascular connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid, thick clear fluid that lubricates the articular cartilage) |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that flex the elbow |
|
Definition
1. Biceps
2. Brachialis
3. Brachioradioalis
(pronator teres, extensor carpi radialis longis and brevis) |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that extend the elbow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscles that Supinate the forearm |
|
Definition
1. Biceps
2. Supinator
(abductus pollis longus, extensor pollis brevis, extensor indicis proprius |
|
|
Term
| Muscles that pronate the arm |
|
Definition
1. Pronator teres
2. Pronator quadratus
(flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, extensor carpi radialis longus) |
|
|
