Term
| Difference between origin and insertion of muscle |
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Definition
Origin: Stable attachment closest to midline
Insertion: Moveable end (shortens towards the origin to create movement) |
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Term
| What is a reverse contraction? |
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Definition
| When the "moveable" end becomes fixed. Reversal of muscle action. Origin moves towards the insertion. Ie. Pull up or dip |
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Term
| Name the 4 types of parallel muscles, and the 3 types of oblique muscles. Give examples |
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Definition
PARALLEL:
1. Strap (Sternocleidomastoid)
2. Fusiform (Biceps
3. Rhomboidal (pronator quadratus)
4. Triangular (Pec Major)
OBLIQUE:
1. Unipennate (looks like half a feather) (flexor pollicis longus muscle of hand)
2. Bipennate (feather) (rectus femoris of hip)
3. Multipennate (deltoid) |
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Term
| What is muscle excursion? Why must it be adequate? |
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Definition
| The measurable distance taken from the muscle's maximal contraction to the maximal stretch. Should be adequate to allow full range of motion. |
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Term
| Muscle is capable of being shortened how much of it's normal resting length? How far can it be stretched? |
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Definition
shortened: 1/2 the normal resting
Stretched: twice as far as it can be shortened.
ie. resting 6in
Shortened: 3in
Streched: 9in |
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Term
| At what length can a muscle exert the most force? |
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Definition
| Slightly longer than resting length (stretched) |
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Term
| Active Insufficiency vs. Passive Insufficiency. What muscle does it occur in? |
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Definition
Active: Muscle is fully shortened, and cannot shorten anymore. Occurs in the agonist.
Passive: Fully stretched, and cannot extend further without causing damage. Occurs in the antagonist, also in muscles that crosses multiple joints |
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Term
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Definition
| Partial opening and closing of the hand occurs due to passive insufficiency. Flexion of either wrist or hand occurs when the other is extending |
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Term
| Isometric vs. Isotonic contraction |
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Definition
Isometric: a contraction that produces force without changing muscle length
Isotonic: Concentric/eccentric. Shortens muscle against gravity/Lengthens against gravity |
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Term
| Difference btwn agonist and antagonist |
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Definition
Agonist: prime mover
Antagonist: assisting mover |
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Term
| Name the two types of Kinetic chains |
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Definition
1. Closed chain: distal segment is fixed, proximal moves (chin up or squat)
2. Open chain: Proximal is fixed, distal moves. (seated knee extension) |
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