Term
| Name the 6 types of joints with examples. (motion and number of axis on diff. slide) |
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Definition
1. Plane (irregular): Intercarpals
2. Hinge: Elbow and knee
3. Pivot: Atlas/axis, radius/ulna
4. Condyloid: Wrist and metaphalangeal joints (MPs)
5. Saddle: Thumb, carpometacarpal joint of thumb (CMC)
6. Ball and socket: Shoulder and hip. |
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Term
| Number of axes and joint motion of a plane joint (irregular) |
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Definition
| 0: gliding. Irregular surfaces, flat or slightly curved. |
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Term
# axes, and joint motion of hinge joint.
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Definition
| 1: flexion/extension. convex/concave surface |
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Term
| # axes, and joint motion of a pivot joint |
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Definition
| 1: Rotation. peglike pivot |
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Term
| # axes, and joint motion of a condyloid joint |
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Definition
| 2: Flexion/Extention and Abduction/Adduction. oval or eggshaped convex surface |
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Term
| # axes, and joint motion of a saddle joint |
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Definition
| 2: Flexion/Extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation (accessory). Modification of condyloid, both surfaces are convex/concave |
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Term
| # axes and joint motion of a ball and socket joint |
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Definition
| 3: Flexion/Extension, abduction/adduction, rotation |
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Term
| Difference between synarthrosis and diarthrosis joints? |
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Definition
Synarthrosis: Fibrous-suture structure, no motion. ie. Bones in skull
Diarthrosis: synovial structure. Free motion. ie hip, elbow, and knee |
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Term
| Diarthrosis Characteristics |
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Definition
1. Articular cavity
2. ligamentous capsule (preventing side to side)
3. synovial membrane (fluid w/ nutrients)
4. surfaces are smooth
5. surfaces are covered with cartilage (like skates on ice ~ slippery!) |
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Term
| Synarthrosis Characteristics. ie bones of skull |
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Definition
1. Cartilaginous joint: united by fibrocartilage. permits bending and twisting motion (ie vertebral joints)
2. Fibrous joint: edges of bone are united by thin layer of fibrous tissue. No movement (ie sutures of skull)
3. Ligamentous Joints: two bodies are tied together by ligaments, limited movement. (ie. distal tibiofibular joint of ankle) |
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Term
| Factors responsible for joint stability: |
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Definition
1. ligaments
2. muscle tension
3. fascia
4. Atmospheric pressure
5. bony structure |
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Term
| Difference between tendons and ligaments |
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Definition
Tendons: muscle to bone
Ligaments: bone to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Strong, flexible, stress-resistant, somewhat elastic, fibrous tissues that form bands or cords. Will stretch to prolonged stress, then function will be affected |
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Term
| Difference between a strain and sprain? |
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Definition
Strain: tear a muscle
Sprain: tear a ligament |
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Term
| Characteristics of fascia and skin |
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Definition
| Fascia may consist of fibrous connective tissue. May form thin membranes or tough, fibrous sheets. Intense or prolonged stress may cause perm. stretch. |
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Term
| 3 factors that affect ROM |
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Definition
1. Shape or articular surfaces
2. Restraining effect of ligaments
3. Muscles and tendons: most impt factor! |
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Term
| Name a method of measuring ROM |
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Definition
| Goniometer or a film/videotape |
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