Term
|
Definition
Definition: 2 forces acting around a fulcrum
-one fx is to convert a force into a torque
--bones are levers moving around the joint axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Axis is between the effort arm and the resistance arm
-can have a mechanical advantage or not, depends on individual lever
EX: Elbow (Triceps) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Resistance force is located between the effort force and the axis
EA>RA
-Have a mechanical advantage
EX: Gastrocnemius when standing on toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Effort is located between the resistance and the axis
RA>EA
-At mechanical disadvantage
EX: most levers in the human body, elbow (biceps) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Product of the magnitude of force applied to an object an the distance the object moves
-Linear work- W=F*distance
--Angular work- W=Torque*deg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rotatory Motion forces
Torque= F*(perpendicular distance from line of application of the force of axis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The further an object is moved the more work is being done
Work = Force x Distance |
|
|
Term
| Newton's 1st: Law of Inertia |
|
Definition
| A body remains at rest or in uniform motion (moving with a given speed and direction) unless acted on by an external force to change its state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when velocity is zero (motionless) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When velocity is not zero but is constant (in motion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amount of Energy required to alter the velocity of body
-directly proportional to mass |
|
|
Term
| Newton's 2nd: Law of Acceleration |
|
Definition
Acceleration of an object is directly related to the F causing acceleration & inversely proportional to the mass of the object
-A = F/m
-movement occurs in direction of greater force |
|
|
Term
| Newton's 3rd: Law of Reaction |
|
Definition
| For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Perpendicular to the joint surface acting away form joint- separating force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pushing together, 2 forces in opposing directions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parallel to contacting surface, opposite direction of potential movement
-dependent on coefficient of friction |
|
|
Term
| A pt comes in with a torn ligament. He asks about the stability of the ligaments in the body. Without going into too much detail how would you explain the layout of collagen fibers in the ligaments? |
|
Definition
| The collagen fibers are tightly packed together. Sometimes they crisscross each other and when this happens it provides a lot of stability. Other times they run side to side, or parallel, this allows for more mobility of the ligament. |
|
|
Term
| A pt comes in with stress on her knee. She was told it was a tension force, but no one had informed her on what this really meant. In a few words how would you explain tension stress? |
|
Definition
| Tension stress is a pulling apart of the bones. |
|
|
Term
| A pt has come to you from another facility. He was very unhappy about his last PT experience. He explains that a simple left hamstring stretch had left him is a great deal of pain. After examining both his hamstrings you realize that the left hamstring no longer returns to its exact place, but it has not been completely deformed yet. At what point on the stress strain curve do you think he is? |
|
Definition
| Yield region. Permanent deformation has not yet occurred, but he is no longer able to return to his normal state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| description of pattern of motion without regard to forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| effect of forces on the body |
|
|
Term
| What is the change in position over a period of time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name an example of motion in which all points on the body move in the same direction, same distance and same time |
|
Definition
| Linear Motion (translation) |
|
|
Term
| Lifting your arm up is an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Angular Motion (rotation) is... |
|
Definition
| all points on the body move about a fixed point in an arc |
|
|
Term
| Examples of segment rotation are.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the three types of motion |
|
Definition
| linear motion, angular motion, general motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Push or Pull exerted by one body on another body
- tends to cause a change in motion
- anything that prevents a body part from staying at rest
F = ma
units : Newtons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
study of forces involved in movement
have Vector and Scalar Quantities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Definition requires magnitude and direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fully defined by magnitude |
|
|
Term
| Fundamental concepts of Kinetics |
|
Definition
Primary variables to be measured:
- Direction of displacement (flex/ext. etc)
- Magnitude of displacement (ROM)
- Velocity-displacement per unit time (m/sec)
- Acceleration-change in velocity per unit time (m/sec2)
|
|
|
Term
| Example of External Force |
|
Definition
- Gravity (9.8 m/s2)
- Physical Contact
|
|
|
Term
| Examples of Internal Forces |
|
Definition
Active = muscles
Passive= tension
All forces with in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- is a constant
- kg = unit of mass
- quantifies linear inertia (resistance of a body to change in linear motion)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| = Mass * acceleration due to gravity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measure of body dimensions
(height, weight, segment length, density)
Body Segment Parameters:
mass, center of gravity, radius of gyration
* each limb has own COG * |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
balance point of the body
- Mass particales on one side = mass particles on other side
- Point moves as if all forces acting on a body act at this point
- Human body: ant. to S2, but not fixed
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Point of application = CoG
Gravity vector: LoG ALWAYS pointing vertically downward
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Affected by BOS (Base of Support) and other factors
CoM of body anterior to S2
Body CoG will move depending on body position |
|
|
