Term
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Definition
largest joint in the body
very complex
primarily hinge joint |
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Term
| what bones make up the knee? |
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Definition
| femur, tibia, fibula, patella |
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Term
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Definition
medial
bears most of the weight |
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Term
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Definition
lateral
serves as the attachment for knee joint structures
does not articulate with the femur or patella
not part of the knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
sesamoid bone (floating)
imbedded in quads and patellar tendon
serves similar to a pulley in improving angle of pull, resulting in greater mechanical advantage in knee extension |
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Term
| where do the 3 vasti muscles of the quads originate? |
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Definition
| proximal femur and insert on the patella superior pole |
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Term
| where does the iliotibial tract of the tensor fasciae latae insert |
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Definition
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Term
| where do the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus insert? |
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Definition
| just below the medial condyle on the upper anteromedial tibial surface |
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Term
| where does the semimembranosus insert |
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Definition
| posteromedially on medial tibial condyle |
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Term
| where does the biceps femoris insert |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the tibial collateral ligament originate and insert |
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Definition
origin: medial aspect of the upper medial femoral condyle
insert: medial tibial surface |
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Term
| where does the popliteus originate |
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Definition
| lateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle |
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Term
| where does the fibula collateral originate? |
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Definition
| lateral femoral condyle on the fibular head |
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Term
| what is the knee sometimes referred to as? |
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Definition
trochoginglymus joint
internal and external rotation occur during flexion
some argue for condyloid classification |
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Term
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Definition
arthrodial classification
gliding nature of patella on femoral condyles |
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Term
| what do ligaments provide |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of stability do the quadriceps and hamstrings contractions produce |
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Definition
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Term
| articular cartilage surfaces are on... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
form cushions between bones
they are attached to the tibia, deepen tibial fossa, enhance stability |
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Term
| semilunar cartilate is used where |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
significant compression and shear forces during rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running
either or both can be torn in several different areas from a variety of mechanisms |
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Term
| anterior and posterior curciate ligaments |
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Definition
cross within knee between tibia and femur
vital in respectively maintaining anterior and posterior stability, as well as rotatory stability |
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Term
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Definition
one of the most serious injuries to the knee
mechanism often involves noncontact rotary forces associated with planting and cutting, hyperextension or by violent quadriceps contraction which pulls the tibia forward on the femur |
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Term
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Definition
not often injured
mechanism of direct contact with an opponent or playing surface |
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Term
| Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL) |
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Definition
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Term
| Tibial (Medial) collateral ligament (MCL) |
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Definition
maintains medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing knee from being abducted
injuries occur commonly, particularly in contact or collision sports
mechanism of teammate or opponent may fall against lateral aspect of knee or leg causing medial opening of knee joint and stress to medial ligamentous structures |
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Term
|
Definition
supplies the knee with synovial fluid
lies under the patella and between surfaces of tibia and femur
"capsule of the knee" |
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Term
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Definition
just posterior to patellar tendon
an insertion point for synovial folds of tissue known as "plica"
can be irritated or inflamed with injuries or overuse |
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Term
| how many bursae are in the knee? What do they do |
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Definition
more than 10
some are connected to synovial cavity
they absorb shock or prevent friction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| with the knee flexed at 30 degrees, internal rotation? external rotation? |
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Definition
internal--> 30
external --> 45 |
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Term
| as the knee approaches full extension the tibia must? |
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Definition
| externally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of tibial and femoral condyles |
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Term
| when the knee is in full extension.... |
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Definition
close congruency of articular surfaces
no appreciable rotation of the knee |
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Term
| during initial flexion of the knee from full extension the knee...? |
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Definition
| "unlocks" by tibia rotating internally, to a degree, from its externally rotated position to achieve flexion |
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Term
|
Definition
extends the knee
located in anterior compartment of the thigh
consists of the recuts femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis |
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Term
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Definition
-central line of pull for the entire quad that runs from anterior superior iliac spine to the center of the patella
-line of pull of the patella tendon runs from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tuberosity
-angle formed by the intersection of these two lines at the patella is the Q angle |
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Term
| what are the normal Q angle degrees |
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Definition
males--> 15 or less
females--> 20 or less
females are higher because of the wider pelvis |
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Term
| what do higher Q angles predispose |
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Definition
| potential knee problems including lateral patella sublaxation or dislocation, patellar compression syndrome, chondromalacia, and ligamentous injuries |
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Term
| what is important for people with high Q angles to do? |
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Definition
| maintain high levels of strength and endurance in vastus medialis so as to counteract lateral pull of vastus lateralis |
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Term
|
Definition
responsible for knee flexion
posterior compartment of the thigh
consists of the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris |
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Term
| what muscles assists the medial hamstrings in knee internal rotation |
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Definition
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Term
| two-joint muscles are most effective when... |
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Definition
| either origin or insertion is stabilized to prevent movement in direction of the contracting muscle |
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Term
| muscles are able to exert _______ force when ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| what muscles are biarticular (2-joint) |
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Definition
hamstrings
rectus femoris |
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Term
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Definition
kicker leans well backward to raise and fix the rectus femoris origin to make it more effective as knee extensor
sartorius muscle --> increases its total length and becomes a better flexor at the knee when the pelvis is rotated posteriorly and stabilized by abdominal muscles |
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Term
| what forms the pes anserinus |
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Definition
| gracilis, sartorius, semitendinosus |
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Term
| the medial and lateral gastrocnemius heads attach where and assist with what? |
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Definition
attach posteriorly on medial and lateral femoral condyles
assist in knee flexion |
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Term
| anterior, primarily knee extension muscles (4) |
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Definition
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis |
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Term
| posterior, primarily knee flexion muscles (7) |
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Definition
biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
sartorius
gracilis
popliteus
gastrocnemius |
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Term
| femoral nerve inervates.... |
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Definition
the knee extensors (quadriceps)
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis |
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Term
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Definition
tibial division --> semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
common peroneal (fibular) division--> biceps femoris (short head) |
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Term
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Definition
jumping
functions as a decelerator
when decresing speed to change direction
when coming down from a jump |
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Term
| what type of contraction happens in the quads during deceleration |
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Definition
eccentric
controls slowing of movements initiated in previous phases of the sports skill |
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Term
| what muscles attach to the patella then to the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon |
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Definition
recutus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus laterlais
all are palpable except the vastus intermedius |
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Term
| strenth and power of the quads can be indicated by what test? |
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Definition
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Term
| how much stronger should the quads be than the hamstrings? |
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Definition
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Term
| strenth and endurance is essential for.... |
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Definition
maintenance of patellofemoral stability
often a problem
quads are prone to atrophy when injuries occur
may be developed by resisted knee extension from seated
functional weight bearing activites such as step ups or squats are particularly useful for strenthening + endurance |
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Term
| recutus femoris actions (3), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of the hip
extension of the knee
anterior pelvic rotation
origin: anterior inferior iliac spine, groove above the acetabulum
insertion: superior aspect of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity |
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Term
| vastus lateralis action (1), origin, insertion |
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Definition
extension of the knee
origin: interotrochanter line
insertion: lateral border of patella, patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity |
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Term
| vastus intermedius action (1), origin, insertion |
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Definition
extension of the knee
origin: upper 2/3 of the anterior surface of the femur
insertion: upper boarder of patella and the patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity |
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Term
| vastus medialis actions (1), origin, insertion |
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Definition
extension of the knee
origin: whole length of linea aspera and medial condyloid ridge
insertion: medial half of the upper boarder of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity |
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Term
| what make up the hamstrings |
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Definition
semitendinosus
biceps femoris
semimembranosus |
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Term
| semitendinosus actions (5), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of the knee
extension of the hip
internal rotation of the hip
internal rotation of the flexed knee
posterior pelvic rotation
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: upper anterior medial surface of the tibia |
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Term
| semimembranosus actions (5), origin, insertion |
|
Definition
flexion of the knee
extension of the hip
internal rotation of the hip
internal rotation of the flexed knee
posterior pelvic rotation
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle |
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Term
| biceps femoris actions (5), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of the knee
extension of the hip
external rotation of the hip
external rotation of the flexed knee
posterior pelvic rotation
origin: ischial tuberosity, lower half of linea aspera
insertion: lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula |
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Term
| popliteus actions (2), origin, insertion |
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Definition
flexion of the knee
internal rotation of the flexed knee
origin: posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
insertion: upper posterior medial surface of the tibia |
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Term
| knee extension agonist (4) |
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Definition
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis |
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Term
|
Definition
biceps femoris (long and short head)
semitendinosus
semimembranosus |
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Term
| knee internal rotation agonist (3) |
|
Definition
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
popliteus |
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Term
| knee external rotation agonist (1) |
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Definition
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