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KIN 310 - Exam 1
CH 1-6
44
Other
Undergraduate 4
10/02/2011

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Term
Muscular System:
-each ? is an organ that contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels.
Definition
Skeletal muscle
Term
Muscular System:
fibrous connective tissue that covers the body's more than 430 skeletal muscles.
Definition
Epimysium
Term
Muscular System:
3 types of connective tissue
Definition
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Term
Muscular System:
The outer layer of connective tissue
Definition
Epimysium
Term
Muscular System:
connective tissue that surrounds each fasciculus, or group of fibers
Definition
Perimysium
Term
Muscular System:
connective tissue that surrounds each individual fiber
Definition
Endomysium
Term
A ? consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.
Definition
Motor unit
Term
Typically there are several hundered ? in a single motor unit.
Definition
Muscle fibers
Term
Thick filaments of skeletal muscle is known as?
Definition
Myosin
Term
Thin filaments of skeletal muscle is known as?
Definition
Actin
Term
The discharge of an ? from a motor nerve signals the release of ? from the ? into the ?, causing tension development in muscle.
Definition
Action-potential
Calcium
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Myofibril
Term
The sliding-filament theory states that the actin filaments at each end of the sarcomere slide ? on myosin filaments, pulling the ? toward the center of the sarcomere and thus shortening the muscle fiber.
Definition
inward
Z-lines
Term
4 Phases of the Sliding-Filament Theory of Muscular Contraction
Definition
Resting Phase
Excitation-Contraction Coupling Phase
Contraction Phase
Recharge Phase
Relaxation Phase
Term
slow twitch muscle fiber type is known as?
Definition
Type I
Term
proprioceptors that consist of several modified muscle fibers enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue.
Definition
Muscle Spindles
Term
When a muscle is stretched, deformation of the ? activates the sensory neuron, which sends an impulse to the spinal cord, where it synapses with a motor neuron, causing the muscle to contract.
Definition
Muscle spindle
Term
When a muscle is stretched, deformation of the muscle spindle activates the sensory neuron, which sends an impulse to the spinal cord, where it synapses with a motor neuron, causing the muscle to contract.
*activated by?
Definition
Muscle Spindle
Term
Proprioceptors located in tendons near the myotendinous junction.

They occur in series (i.e., attached end to end) with extrafusal muscle fibers.
Definition
Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO)
Term
When an extremely heavy load is placed on the muscle, discharge of the ? occurs

The sensory neuron of the ? activates an inhibitory interneuron in the spinal cord, which in turn synapses with and inhibits a motor neuron serving the same muscle.
Definition
Golgi Tendon Organ
Term
100 m spring
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - Low
II - High
Term
800 m run
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - High
II - High
Term
Marathon
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - High
II - Low
Term
Oly Lifts
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - Low
II - High
Term
Soccer, lacrosse, hockey
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - High
II - High
Term
Football wide receiver
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - Low
II - High
Term
Football Lineman
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - Low
II - High
Term
Basketball
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - Low
II - High
Term
Cycling
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - High
II - Low
Term
Pitcher
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - Low
II - High
Term
Boxing
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - High
II - High
Term
X country skiing
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - High
II - Low
Term
Tennis
*Amount of Type I and Type II
Definition
I - High
II - High
Term
Characteristics of Muscle Fiber Types:
Size - Small
Speed - Slow
Fatigue resistance - High
Force production - Low
Endurance - High
Capillary density - High
Mitochondria size/density - High
Definition
Type I
Term
Characteristics of Muscle Fiber Types:
Size - Large
Speed - Fast
Fatigue resistance - Int/Low
Force production - Int
Endurance - Int/Low
Capillary density - Int
Mitochondria size/density - Int
Definition
Type IIa
Term
Characteristics of Muscle Fiber Types:
Size - Large
Speed - Fast
Fatigue resistance - Low
Force production - High
Endurance - Low
Capillary density - Low
Mitochondria size/density - Low
Definition
Type IIx
Term
A muscle action in which the muscle shortens because the contractile force is greater than the resistive force.
Definition
Concentric Muscle Action
Term
A muscle action in which the muscle lengthens because the contractile force is less than the resistive force.
Definition
Eccentric muscle action
Term
A muscle action in which the muscle length does not change because the contractile force is equal to the resistive force.
Definition
Isometric muscle action
Term
The muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement is called a prime mover or ?
Definition
Agonist
Term
A muscle that can slow down or stop the movement is called the ?
Definition
Antagonist
Term
During throwing, the triceps acts as an ?, extending the elbow to accelerate the ball.
Definition
Agonist
Term
During throwing, as the elbow approaches full extension, the biceps acts as an ? to slow down elbow extension and bring it to a stop, thereby protecting elbow structures from internal impact.
Definition
antagonist
Term
The maximal force that a muscle or muscle group can generate at a specified velocity.
Definition
Strength
Term
The time rate of doing work where work is the product of the force exerted on an object and the distance the object moves in the direction in which the force is exerted.
Definition
Power
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