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Key Terms Chapter 1 ITD110
Key terms for Chapter 1 HTML and XHTML ITD110
72
Computer Science
Undergraduate 4
06/04/2012

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Term
ARPANET
Definition
The precursor to the Internet, a WAN which started with two network nodes located at UCLA and Stanford connected by a single phone line.
Term
ASCII
Definition

The character set representing the alphabet of English characters.

 

Stands for: American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Term
Attribute
Definition
A mark up tag that controls the use, behavior and in some cases the appearance of an element in an HTML document.
Term
Block-level element
Definition
An element that contains content that is viewed as a distinct block within a Web page; when rendered visually, block-level elements start on a new line in the document.
Term
Body Element
Definition
The element that contains all of the content that appears on a Web page.
Term
Character Encoding
Definition
The process by which browsers associate a symbol with a number, and vice versa
Term
Character Entity Reference
Definition
A way to insert a special symbol, in which a short, memorable name is used in place of a numeric character reference.
Term
Character Formatting Element
Definition
An element used to format characters and words
Term
Character Set
Definition
A collection of characters and symbols; for English, about 127 characters are needed to represent all of the upper and lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation marks, spaces and special typing symbols in the English language.
Term
Client
Definition
A computer or other device that requests service from a server
Term
Client-Server Network
Definition
One of the most commonly used designs for a network, in which several clients access information provided by one or more servers.
Term
Closing Tag
Definition
A tag that indicates the end of a two-sided tag
Term
Comment Tag
Definition
A tag that allows you to insert a comment in your HTML code; such notes often contain the author's name and the date the document was created.

Term
Definition List
Definition
A type of list that contains a list of terms, each followed by the term's description
Term
Deprecated
Definition
Refers to a feature of HTML or XHTML that is being phased out by the W3C and which might not be supported by future browsers.
Term
Element
Definition
A distinct object in a Web document, like a paragraph, a heading or the page's title.
Term
Empty Element
Definition
An element that contains no content; empty elements appear in coda as a one-sided tag Line Break =
Term
Extensible Markup Language
Definition
XML
A language for creating markup language, like SGML, but without SGML's complexity and overhead
Term
Extensions
Definition
The top level of a domain name, indicating the general audience supported by the Web server; for example, .edu is the extension reserved for educational institutions.
Term
File Server
Definition
A node on a network that provides storage space for saving and retrieving files.
Term
Head Element
Definition
One of the two main sections of a Web document; contains information about the document (such as the document;s title or a list of keywords) that aids a search engine on the Web in identifying the document for other users.
Term
Heading Element
Definition
An element that contains the text of main headings on a Web page.

Term
Host
Definition
a computer through which users access a network; also called a node.
Term
HTML
Definition
Hypertext Markup Language. A language used to mark the elements of a document to create a web page.
Term
HTML 5.0
Definition
A working draft of the next version of HTML; it provides greater support for emerging online technology while still providing support for older browsers
Term
HTML Converter
Definition
A program that translates text written in another language into HTML code.
Term
HTML Editor
Definition
A program that helps you create an HTML file by inserting HTML code for you as your work.
Term
Hypertext
Definition
A method of organization in which information is not presented linearly, bu in what ever order is requested by the user
Term
Hypertext Markup Language
Definition
A language used to mark the elements of a document to create a Web page
Term
Inline Element
Definition
An element that marks a section of text within a block level element; inline elements do not start out on a new line of block, but instead flow "in-line" with the rest of the characters in the block.
Term
Inline Image
Definition
A graphic file that is loaded as a browser renders a web page.
Term
Internet Service Provider
Definition
A company that provides Internet access.
Term
ISO-8859-1
Definition
An extended character set of 255 characters that can e used by most languages that employ the Latin alphabet, including English, French, Spanish, and Italian; also called Latin 1.
Term
ISP
Definition
Internet Service Provider
Term
LAN
Definition
Local Area Network
Term
Latin-1
Definition
An extended character set of 255 characters that can e used by most languages that employ the Latin alphabet, including English, French, Spanish, and Italian; also called ISO-8859-1
Term
Link
Definition
An element in a hypertext document that allows you jump from one topic or document to another, usually by clicking it with a mouse button.
Term
Local Area Network
Definition
A network confined to a small geographic area, such as within a building or department
Term
Markup Language
Definition
A language that describes the content and structure of a document.
Term
Network
Definition
A structure that links several computers or other devices(called nodes) together, allowing for the sharing of information and services.
Term
Node
Definition
A point (such as a computer or a printer) on a network; also called a host.
Term
Numeric Character Reference
Definition
A number that represents a character.
Term
One-sided Tag
Definition
A tag used for an empty element; does not have an opening or closing tag.
Term
Opening Tag
Definition
The tag that indicates the beginning of the content in a two-sided tag.
Term
Ordered List
Definition
An HTML list format used to items that must appear in a numeric order.
Term
Physical Element
Definition
An element that describes how content should appear but doesn't indicate the content's nature
Term
Presentational Attribute
Definition
An attribute that specifically describes how an element should be rendered; almost all presentational attributes are now deprecated in favor or styles.
Term
Print Server
Definition
A network node that provides printing services to the network.
Term
Root Element
Definition
The element that contains all of the elements used in the document; for HTML documents, the root element is marked with the Tag.
Term
Server
Definition
A network node that makes information or a service available on the network.
Term
SGML
Definition
Standard Generalized Markup Language. The first popular markup language; SGML is device and system independent and is used to create other markup languages.
Term
Standard Generalized markup Language
Definition
The first popular markup language; SGML is device and system independent and is used to create other markup languages.
Term
Style
Definition
A formatting rule written in a separate language from HTML telling the browser how to render an element for particular devices.
Term
Tag
Definition
The core building block of HTML; Marks the presence of an element.
Term
Text-Based Browser
Definition
The earliest kind of browser, limited to displaying only text.
Term
Two-sided Tag
Definition
A tag that has an opening and a closing tag to mark the content's beginning and end.
Term
Unicode
Definition
The most extended character set, which can be used for any of the world's languages, supporting up to 65,536 symbols.
Term
Unordered List
Definition
An HTML list format in which the items do not need to ocur in any special order.
Term
UTF-8
Definition
The most commonly used character set on the Web; a compressed version of Unicode.
Term
W3C
Definition
World Wide Web Consortium.
A group of Web developers, programmers, and authors who set the standard or specifications that all browsers manufacturers follow; The W3C has no enforcement power but because a unifrom language is in everyone's best interest, the recommendations are usually followed, though not always right away
Term
WAN
Definition
Wide Area Network.
A network that covers a wide area, such as several buildings or cities; typically consists of two or more local area networks connected together; the largest WAN is the Internet.
Term
Web
Definition
an interface designed to make the resources of the Internet accessible to the general public.
Term
Web Browser
Definition
A program that retrieves a Web page from a server and renders the page on a computer or other device.
Term
Web Server
Definition
A computer that stores and makes Web pages available to any device connected to the Internet.
Term
White Space
Definition
Blank space, tabs, and line breaks within an HTML text file, not displayed by browsers.
Term
Wide Area Network
Definition
WAN.
A network that covers a wide area, such as several buildings or cities; typically consists of two or more local area networks connected together; the largest WAN is the Internet.
Term
World Wide Web
Definition
An interface designed to make the resources of the Internet accessible to the general public.
Term
World Wide Web Consortium
Definition
A group of Web developers, programmers, and authors who set the standard or specifications that all browsers manufacturers follow; The W3C has no enforcement power but because a unifrom language is in everyone's best interest, the recommendations are usually followed, though not always right away
Term
XHTML
Definition
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language.
One of the markup languages created with XML; designed to confront some of the problems associated with the various competing versions of HTML and to better integrate HTML with other markup languages like XML
Term
XHTML 2.0
Definition
A version of XHTML still in the draft stage; it has proved to be controversial because it is not backward compatible with earlier versions of HTML.
Term
XHTML 5.0
Definition
A working draft of HTML in the draft stage; it provides greater support for emerging online technology while still providing support for older browsers.
Term
XML
Definition
Extensible Markup Language.
A language for creating markup languages, like SGML, but without SGML's complexity and overhead.
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