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Details Title: Kassin Chpater 7 Description: Thought and Language Total Flash Cards: 19 Created: 02/24/2005 20:36:57	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Prototype Definition a 'typical' member of a category, one tt has the most defining featuers of tt category Term Image Definition A mental presentation of visual information Term Mental models Definition intuitive theories about the way things work Term Trial and Error Definition A problem solving strategy in which several solutions are attempted till a solution is found Term Concept Definition A mental grouping of persons, ideas, events, or objects tt share common properties Term 4 Problem solving processes Definition 1) Trial and error 2) Algorithms 3) Heuristics: means-end analysis and analogies 4) Insight Term Algorithm Definition A step by step, tried and true procedure that is guaranteed to produce a solution Term Insight Definition A form of problem solving in which the solution seems to pop to mind all of a sudden eg story of Sultan the chimp, with sticks and banana Term Representation of the problem Definition 1) Mental images eg images in the mind's eye to relate/solve the problem 2) Mental Models eg 'water level task' Term Blind spots in problem solving Definition 1) representation failures 2) Functional fixedness 3) Mental Sets 4) Confirmation bias 5) Belief perseverence Term Representation failures Definition nine-dot problem; instructions fail to mention possibilities tt will help open up solutions Term Functional Fixedness Definition Candle problem; the tendency to think of objects for their intended function only Term Mental Sets Definition Water Jar problem, playing hide and seek with kids, they always go back to the last place you hid first Term Confirmation Bias Definition tendency to look for evidence to verify our beliefs, not thinking about what is presented Term Belief Perseverence Definition tendency to cling to beliefs even after they have beem discredited Term Syllogism Definition A logical problem in which premises are given, and conclusions hae to be made on the basis that the premises are true Term Conditional reasoning Definition 'if-then' statements ie on this condition, then... Term Biases in judgement Definition 1) representativeness heuristic 2) Availability heuristic 3) Anchoring effects 4) Framing effects 5) Overconfidence Term Representativeness heuristic Definition the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event occuring by how typical it seems