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| Position of Finite Verb in statements |
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The verb form that agrees with the subject (finite verb) is ALWAYS in second position.
Wir trinken um vier Kaffee.
Um vier trinken wir Kaffee.
Kaffee trinken wir um vier. |
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| Position of finite verb in questions |
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1 - Interrogative/informational
Always begins with interrogative, verb in second position then subject.
Wo ist der Sitz des EU Parliament?
2 - Yes/no
A question answered yes or no begins with the finite verb.
Sind Silvias Freunde aus Ostberlin?
Ja. |
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Time Manner Place
Wann Wie Wo? |
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1. the finite verb
2. nouns used as objects (ihre Arbeit)
3. pronouns used as objects (es)
4. specific adverbs of time (heute) |
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1. predicate nouns (Freund)
2. predicate adjectives (nett)
3. adverbs (gern)
4. general time adverbs (oft)
5. prepositional phrases (zu ihm)
6. elements in final position |
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| Coordinating Conjunctions |
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aber - but
denn - because (for)
und - and
sondern - but, on the contrary (follows a negative clause)
oder - or
NORMAL WORD ORDER |
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Entweder... oder - Either... or
Weder... noch - Neither... nor
nicht nur... sondern auch - not only, but also |
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| Dependent Clauses and Subordinating Conjunctions |
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Dependent clauses cannot stand alone.
Subordinating conjunctions CHANGE WORD ORDER!
Finite verb is in final position.
Seperable prefixes are attached.
Modal: take final position.
Future tense: werder in final position.
Perfect tenses: haben follows the past participle in final position |
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because, since (casual)
assumes that the reason is known |
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| before (can be interchanged with bevor) |
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| although (obwohl is more common) |
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| since (TIME) (Since 1992) |
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als - when? clause concerned with SINGLE EVENT or SINGLE block of time
wenn - REPEATED events (whenever) or possibilities in past (if)
wann - (at what time?) direct and indirect questions |
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| Indirect Questions and Statements |
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Sie fragt, ...
Ich weiß nicht, ...
Ich möchte wissen, ...
Weißt du, ...?
Kannst mir sagen, ...? |
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| Conjunctions used with indirect statements and questions |
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indirect statement: use dass
Erika weiß, dass du morgen wegfährst.
indirect yes/no question:
Erika fragt, ob wir gewonnen haben. |
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everything besides modals, hören, lassen, sehen and future tense uses infinitives with zu
Nicole versucht einen Job in Weimar zu finden. |
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