Term
| What are the classifications of HTN? |
|
Definition
- Normal - under 120/80
- Pre-HTN - Systolic 120-139 and Diastolic 80 - 89
- HTN stage 1 - Systolic 140-159 and diastolic 90-99
HTN stage 2 - Systolic over 160 and Diastolic over 100 |
|
|
Term
| How does and increase in BP increase CVD risk? |
|
Definition
| For ages 40-70, every 20 mmHG systolic increase and 10 mmHg diastolic increase doubles CVD risk |
|
|
Term
| Why is ambulatory BP monitoring used? |
|
Definition
| To measure white coat HTN, assess drug resistance, hypotension, and other dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| What are major CV risk factors? |
|
Definition
HTN
Cigarette smoking
Obesity (BMI >/ 30)
Physically inactive (desk job)
Dyslipidemia of DMII
Microalbumin or GFR < 60
Age over 55 in men or 65 in women
Family history of CVD (under 55 in men or 65 in women) |
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Term
| What are the areas of target organ damage? |
|
Definition
- Heart - LV hypertrophy, angina, CHF
- Brain - stroke or TIA
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Peripheral Artieries
- Retinopathy |
|
|
Term
| What are causes of secondary HTN? |
|
Definition
- Sleep apnea due to obesity or metabolic syndrome
- Drug induced
- Chronic Kidney disease - RAAS malfunctions
- Primary Aldosteronism
- Steroid therapy/Cushing syndrome
- Renovascular disease |
|
|
Term
| What lifestyle modifications lower BP? |
|
Definition
Weight reduction
DASH diet
Sodium reduction - 2400 mg/day
Increased physical activity to 30 min/day at least 3x/week
moderation of alcohol to 1-2 drinks/day |
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|
Term
| What is the goal BP for people with hypertension? |
|
Definition
| LESS than 140/90 or 130/80 with diabetes/CKD |
|
|
Term
| What is the basis of HTN therapy? |
|
Definition
| Thiazide-type diuretics. Use as initial therapy unless there is a compelling indication |
|
|
Term
| What is the only class of medication not appropriate for Heart Failure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are recommended for initial treatment of post-MI? |
|
Definition
| Beta-blockers, AceI, and aldosterone antagonists |
|
|
Term
| Which 2 drugs are not appropriate for initial treatment of high coronary disease risk? |
|
Definition
| ARBs and Aldosterone antagonists |
|
|
Term
| What is the only class of medication not appropriate for initial treatment of diabetes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two drugs can be used for initial treatment of CKD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two drugs can be used for initial treatment of stroke prevention? |
|
Definition
| A diuretic(thiazide) and AceI |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between hypertensive urgency and emergency? |
|
Definition
| Presence of target organ damage in emergency |
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