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Definition
• Begun when the capital was moved to Hein (modern day Kyoto).
• 794-1185
• Ended due to the Samurai gov.
• Period when Chinese influences (Taoism, Buddhism etc.) were at their height. |
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• 1185-1333
• Third wave Buddhism after Tendai and Shingon
• Pureland Buddhism
• Dominated by the shadow samurai gov. in Kamakura
• Flourishing of Buddhism and Mongol invasions.
• Ended with the destruction of the Shogunate and reinstitution of the emperor (not for long though before a new shogun came along) |
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• 1600-1868
• Began with the closing of Japan
• Degeneration of Buddhism
• Samurai Period
• Ended with the Meiji restoration |
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Definition
• Began with the overthrow of the Shogun and reinstiution of the emperor.
• Began its modernization and rise to world power.
• Wierd that Japan joined the Nazis, wonder what their hidden agenda was there? |
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Definition
• Third wave of Buddhism
• Many trained at Mr. Hiei
• Left Mt. Hiei to create new sects
• Each type focused on a certain practice
o Pureland Buddhism (nembutsu) extravagent
o Zen Buddhism (sitting meditation) austere
• Soto vs Rinzai |
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Definition
• A type of Kamkura Buddhism, the third wave
• Largely a monastic form
• Focused on meditation
o In India there was no school that defined itself as the meditation school, all were.
o This idea originated in China.
• Claimed that there was a series of patriarchs first in India, then 28th traveled to China
• Established by Eisai, when he traveled to China and returned to create the subsect of Rinzai.
• Later Dogen traveled to China and returned with the subsect of Soto. |
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Definition
| • Means meditation or Zen in Japanese. |
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Definition
• The heart of Zen practice, literally just sitting.
• Done either through koans (Rinzai) or whole-hearted sitting (Soto).
• Seated, in a full lotus, with hands in a mudra, and eyes and a 45 degree angle down. |
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| Mind-to-mind Transmission |
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Definition
• The concept that the greatest teachings in Buddhism are transmitted mind to mind without words.
• Story of when the Buddha simply held up a flower to transmit a great teaching. |
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Definition
• One of the followers of the Buddha who broke into a smile/laughter when he gathered his students and simply held up a flower
o Buddha said he had transferred an unspoken teaching to Kasyapa. |
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Definition
• The 28th Zen patriarch who took the teachings from China to India.
• Didn’t focus on the txt as many during that period did, simply on wall staring.
• Introduced to Emperor Wu (very pious), answers his questions with nothingness etc.
• After he goes a cave and meditates for nine years.
o Until his arms and legs fall off, and he rips his eyelids off so he wouldn’t sleep. |
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Definition
• The sixth Chinese patriarch.
• Articulated many of the key princibles.
o Original enlightenment, sudden enlightenment, and no-thought.
• Assoiciated with the platform sutra. |
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Definition
• One of the three sects
• Koans
• Contemplate the word zen
• Mostly founded by Eisai |
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Definition
• Did most of the preliminary thinking of Rinzai.
• Was a traditional monk on Mt. Hiei, felt Mt. Hiei Tendai Buddhism falling into decline, was searching for a way to revive it.
• Went to China, got traditional, mostly esoteric teachings.
• Went back to Mt. Hiei to teach.
• Goes back to China once more and meats a bonafide Zen master and learned Zen meditation, ritual, and strict monastic rules.
• Other Mt. Hiei monks critical of him when he returns so he leaves for Kyoto. |
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| Treatise on Promoting Zen for the Protection of the Country |
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Definition
• Brought Rinzai together.
• Standardized Monastic Rinzai Zen
• The idea of Koan
• Nothingness becomes the key to enlightenment.
• Brings the idea of living enlightenment.
• Countless enlightenments are possible. |
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Term
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Definition
• Profound sayings of masters that provoked enlightenment.
• Part of Rinzai Zen, made popular by Hakuin. |
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Term
| Does a dog have the Buddha-nature? Mu! |
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Definition
• Mu means nothingness
• A koan of Hakuin. |
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Term
| Sound of one hand clappling |
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Definition
| • A Koan that once understood would lead to an enlightenment. |
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Definition
• Founder of Soto Zen
o Just sit!
• Born into elite society, his parents died young.
• At 12 he runs away to Mt. Hiei and pleads to become a monk.
• Becomes ordained, but sees no role models, only monks seeking riches and comfort.
• Withdraws, goes to China, meets a monk who tells him he know nithing about Buddhism.
• Practice and enlightenment, one in the same.
• Every action can be done in an enlightened matter. |
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Definition
| • The ultimate quotation explaining the philosophy of Dogen. |
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| Let mind and body fall away |
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Definition
| • One of Dogen sayings on Rinzai Zen |
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| Practice and enlightenment are one and the same |
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Definition
| • One of Dogen’s grandest philosophies. |
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Definition
• A great monastery founded by Eiheiji
• One of the two main temples of Soto Zen |
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| Proper action is the Dharma of the Buddha |
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Definition
• One of Dogen’s sayings
• Every action can be done in an enlightened manner.
• There is a right and wrong way to do meditation. |
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Definition
• Another type of Kamakura Buddhism
• A mass movement that attracted monks, lay people and rich.
• Stressed meditative visualization.
• Nembutsu (Namu Amada Butuh)
• They attempt to visualize the pure land one step at a time.
• Genshin stressed the meditative states
• Honen stressed the verbal nembutsu |
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Term
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Definition
• The focus of pureland Buddhism.
• The pureland emanates from him, as well as being his home.
• Not an earthly incarnation of the Buddha
o Buddha of the western point of the compass.
o Miraculous Buddha as opposed to an ethereal Buddha. |
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Term
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Definition
• What pureland Buddhism is based upon, brought from India, through china etc.
• The larger sutra is considered the most important and definitive.
• The Meditation Sutra is the attempt to visualize the pureland one part at a time. |
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Definition
• The vows Amida took before becoming the Buddha.
• The 18th vow was the most important.
o Basically says that he will let anyone who desires to be reborn in the pureland have the chance. |
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Definition
• Begins with visualizing the setting sun, then the lotuses…ends with the two bodhisattvas and finally the characteristics of the Buddha.
• Can use the nembutsu to focus your mind. |
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Definition
• Namu Amamda Butuh
• The idea being that if you can’t get your mind to focus, bring the mouth to motion and the mind will follow.
• Single Nembutsu Doctrine vs repeated nembutsu
• Genshin introduced it.
• To keep the Buddha on in
• Became the core of the entire Pure Land Buddhism.
• Can be a verbal nembutsu, or nembutsu of faith. |
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• A monk from the 900’s who had the reputation of spreading the nembutsu chanting method in urban spaces.
• Was a Hijiri, wandering holy man. |
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Definition
• A wandering holy man
• Not satisfied with sitting in a monastery anymore |
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Definition
• An accomplished Tendai Monk from Mt. Hiei.
• Focused on meditative nembutsu, and visualization. |
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Definition
• Promoted by Genshin
• The idea being that if you can’t get your mind to focus, bring the mouth to motion and the mind will follow. |
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Definition
• A text by Genshin
• One thing it covered was how to deal with a member of their group dealing with death.
o Describes Hells in detail to promote the use of pureland meditation. |
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Term
| Pureland deathbed ceremony |
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Definition
| One is supposed to say the Nembutsu and face northwest. |
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Definition
• A figure in between Genshin and Honen.
• Focuesd on chanting
• Was a Hijidi
• Created the Yuzu Nembutsu, the people practicing this exercise, the more it helps all people towards enlightenment. |
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Definition
• Promoted by Ryonin
• The more people practice this exercise, the more it helps all people towards enlightenment. |
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Definition
One of three stages of Dharma.
Period of true Dharma
After Shakyamuni Buddha
Golden Age |
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Term
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Definition
Second of the three period of Dharma
The imitation dharma
Lasts about 1000 years
Declination of dharma
Teachings still around, and those who practice it.
But people attaining full enlightenment becoming fewer and fewer. |
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Term
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Definition
The final of three stages of Dharma.
The end of the Dharma
Last for 10,000 years or until the end of the age.
dark age
Teachings are around, but no one who can attain enlightenmnet.
General religious anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
Earlier types of meditation practice are derived from self-power.
• Newer practices were not dependant upon self-power, but instead other-power.
• Nembutsu becomes classified as easy and reliant upon other-power.
One chants not one’s own name but another’s. |
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Term
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Definition
Most famous pureland Buddhist practioner.
Was an accomplished monk on Mt. Hiei.
Read through all the sutras five times to search for the key to enlightenment in this age/time.
Decided upon nembutsu.
"Simplify say the name with faith and without doubt".
Eventually seen as founder of Jodoshi, a form of Buddhism. |
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Definition
Founded by Honen.
Sect of Pureland Buddhism.
Influenced by idea of Mappo and repetition of nembutsu. |
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Definition
Hōnen’s religious movement
The idea that invoking the name of Amida Buddha is the sole practice assuring enlightenment in the Pure Land.
adopted by shinran |
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Definition
The idea that you should do evil because in this way you have absolute faith that sayign the Nembutsu is enough.
In fact Shinran thought the evil person would be more likely born in the pureland. |
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Term
| Single Nembutsu doctrine vs Repeated nembutsu doctrine |
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Definition
Single: one nembutsu in lifetime is enough. All one needs is faith and no doubt, so saying it multiple times expresses doubt. In fact you should do evil to express the faith in the power of the single nembutsu.
Repeated: you should be saying Nembutsu constantly, must die with Amida's name on your lips. |
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Term
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Definition
| Applies to the single nembutsu vs repeated nembutsu forms. The latter relying on practice the former on faith. |
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Term
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Definition
| Applies to the single nembutsu vs repeated nembutsu forms. The latter relying on practice the former on faith. |
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Definition
A disciple of Honen.
Had a religious experience in a cave.
Believed in single Nembutsu practice, and in doing evil as a form of faith in that single nembutsu.
His form became most popular. |
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Term
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Definition
A school of pureland buddhism formed by Shinran.
Centered around the idea of Mappo, and relying on the other-power of Amida Buddha.
A practiceless practice. |
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Term
| "Evil person is Amida's primary object" |
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Definition
• Said even the evil person can be born in the pureland, but how much more so the good person, ~Honen.
• Said even the good person can be born in the pureland, but how much more so the evil person, ~Shinran |
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Definition
Founded Nichiren Buddhism
Unlike other founders who came from aristocracy he was the son of a fisherman.
Promoted unswerving practice of teh lotus sutra.
Repeated a saying of faith towards the sutra, not unlike the Nembutsu. However he opposed Nembutsu.
Criticism of complex religion.
Appeal to women.
Went back to Mahayana roots and opposed other forms of Buddhism (zen, pureland, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
First half is expedient teachings of the Buddha, the traces.
Second half are the true teachings, the origin.
Talks of the three vehicles to enlightenment:
Arhat-an monk enlightened by hearing the Dharma.
Solitary Buddha- someone who realized the Dharma by his own meditation.
Bodhisattva- enlightened,vows to enlighten others. The ideal. |
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| "Three vehicles lead to one enlightenment" |
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Definition
| Idea in Nichiren that the three vehicles (Arhat, Solitary Buddha, Bodhisattva) merge into one super vehicle for enlightenment. |
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Definition
A story in the Lotus Sutra.
Fire breaks out in a house, kids are playing inside. They are too engrossed in their games to notice. So he grabs three carts and yells “I have even better toys (vehicles) for you to play with”.
The interesting point being that he deceives them into coming. (The expedient way) |
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| Enlightenment of the eight-year-old girl |
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Definition
• In a crowd around the Buddha an arhat looks at a little girl and tells her, “don’t you know you can’t become enlightened until you are a man?”.
• She then goes up to the Buddha offering him a sacred jewel at which point she becomes instantly enlightened.
The strange part being she also instantly became a man.
But people in Nichiren Buddhism ignored that part.
Women liked this story. |
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| "Eternality of the Buddha's enlightenment" |
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Definition
| Nichiren idea being that the Buddha is always in this world, even though we think he became enlightened at age 30. |
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Definition
• Nichiren came to think of himself as a reincarnation of him.
• This bodhisattva decides to offers his body to the Buddha.
o Oils himself and then lights himself on fire. |
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Definition
The central mantra chanted in Nichiren.
Leads to the perfect and full enlightenment. |
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Term
| Nichiren's five-step selection of the Daimoku (Lotus Chant) |
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Definition
Because of his strident ways he's banished by the kamkura gov.
During his banishment he refines his philosophy
1. Buddhism must be your religion.
2. You must choose the Mahayana path .
3. You must choose the Lotus Sutra.
4. Specifically the second half of the lotus sutra
5. Chant the Daimoku |
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Term
| Nichiren's five principles |
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Definition
• First you must identify the correct teaching: the Lotus Sutra
• Identify the correct object of the teachings: All people in this day and age.
• Understand the period: Mappo
• Understand the country: Japan
• Understand the teacher in this age: Nichiren. |
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Definition
In Nichiren
• Literally to break in half and lie/knock down.
• By promoting the teachings you use radical and powerful beliefs.
o Street corner teaching.
o Address the Shogun and other powerful people of the land.
o Even you get a negative response its good. |
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Definition
• Society for Creation of Values
• Modern recreation of Nichiren Buddhism. |
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Term
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Definition
name for the object of devotion, be it some statues, a shrine, whatever.
In nichiren it is the Moji-mandala gohonzon. In Soka Gakkai, they praise exclusively this mandala. |
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Term
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Definition
1540-1640
was fast, by 1582: 200 churchs and 150000 converts
Brought new level of war, money became led to power much more now.
Then under Hideyoshi,it was repressed forcing conversion or Christians into hiding. Led to the closing of Japan. |
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Definition
The first Jesuit missionary.
Met with many issues: language barrier, stubborness. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 1587 Edict against the Jesuits |
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Definition
Hideyoshi asked the Jesuits questions.
They answered, but in 1587 he still issued the edict.
o Japan is a land of the Kami, and this religion has angered them. So Jesuits must leave within twenty days.
o Portugese traders can stay though
• Because they were entranced by the new stuff
Wool, silk, tobacco |
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Term
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Definition
1596, after Hideyoshi's edict
• A Spanish ship going from the Philippines to Mexico, gets sidetracked to Japan by a storm.
They were more allied with Franciscans.
Local warlords attack and try to confiscate their cargo.
• The captain of the ship meets with the local warlord.
o Shows him a world map and shows him all that Spain has conquered, and tells him that wherever they have gone they have converted them to Christianity, then sent the military in and conquered them.
Leads gov. in Kyoto to try to purge themselves of Christianity.
Leads to the Nagasaki Martyrdom. |
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Term
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Definition
After the San Felipe Incident in 1597
• Missionaries arrested, rounded up, sentenced to death.
o At each executioner, they cut off an ear or finger etc., then continue to the next spot, until they are eventually killed.
• The Jesuits try to stop this.
• At a hilltop slightly beyond the usual execution place they crucify all 26 of the Christians. |
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Term
| Shimabara Uprising of 1637-1638 |
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Definition
During the Christian persecution
• A little castle island of masterless samurai that rebelled
• So happened that they were mostly Christian
• Japan attacks but couldn’t defeat them.
• So they call in the Dutch and ask them to bombard them with their cannon, which they do, and then defeat.
Leads to closing of Japan |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
New period once Japan closed
Samurai period
Degeneration of Buddhism.
Combined with neo-Confucianism.
Focused more on education and organization of temples.
Temples had levels of importance and were all registered as a certain sect. |
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Term
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Definition
Everyone had to register at a temple.
Meant to control Christianity.
Became a sort of census. |
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Term
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Definition
• Temples could not expand
• Instead old temples were just repaired.
• Ended up freezing temple architecture where it was.
• Temples needed an orthodoxy
• No new teachings or doctrine allowed
o To assure that no radical teachings were taught to the lower caste. |
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Term
| Head temple/branch temple system |
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Definition
• Very hard now for temples to change affiliation
• Gov. recognized head temples, with regional temples below them, then local temples, then village temples etc.
• Allowed for easy control |
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Term
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Definition
The local temples would become the schools for the kids
Because if anyone was literate in the village it would be the priest. |
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Term
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Definition
Most religions were controlled by gov.
But some began at the bottom.
Kakure Kirishitan, Kakure Nembutsu, Nichiren Fuju Fuse |
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Term
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Definition
o The hidden Christians.
o Develop a very complex creation story with many Buddhist figures involved in a genesis sort of beginning. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Some groups devoted to certain figures
o For example Kukai
o Then made him Bodhisattva like in prayer. |
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Term
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Definition
| • These pilgrimages could be the only time that people might leave their village due to the temple laws. |
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Term
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Definition
• Exclusive Forms
o Usually focus on one character/god
• Charismatic Leader
o These new religions usually arose with a charismatic leader who had had visions or something.
• Faith healing/benefits
o The idea that there are concrete benefits here and now if you join
o Sometimes through faith healing
o Physical or material (money) benefit |
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Term
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Definition
Centered around Nakayama Miki, who got possessed by the kami Tenri-o. They believed this kami to be god, who issued his creedance through
Nakayama Miki |
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