What is Learning?

(Behavioral Perspective)

Present the conditioned stimulus w/out the unconditioned stimulus for long period of time

Respond to something that looks similar to unconditioned stimulus, but arent directly paired.

(White rabbit and white cat)

• How well you pair the stimulus
• # of times you do the experiment
• Intensity of the trauma or stimulus
• the time between the 2 stimulus when presented

-Little Albert-

Took toddler and showed it a white rat, initial response was happy. Then they banged pans behind baby while playing with rat. Eventually the baby cried everytime it saw the rat.

Cat in box with lever, pushes lever gets food. Cat is more likely to push the lever because of the consequence.

Law of Effect

(Thorndike)

Primary Reinforcer

(operant)

one that fufills a basic need for survival and don't need any learning.

(eating, drinking, sleeping)

Secondary Reinforcer

(operant)

acquired of learned from reinforcements

(good vs bad behavior)

Shaping

(operant)

reinforcing an organisms behavior as they get closer and closer to the goal.

(Getting a dog to sit, you teach and teach until the dog sits (reached the goal).

Discriminative Stimulus

(operant)

When in presents of certain people it causes you to engage in something with reinforcements.

(Drinking with friends, because it is accepted)

More likely to do something with one group of people and not with others because of the outcome.

(Swearing in front of friends vs searing in front of grandparents)

• size of reinforcement
• satisfaction of reinforcement
• condtion of stimulus

Learned Helplessness

(operant)

Stimulus has learned to behave helplessly.

(Shocked 2 groups of dogs, one group could push a lever and the shock would stop, yet the other group pushed the lever and the shocks continued. after learning this the dogs just layed down and were helpless*)

Observational Learning/Modeling

(Bandura)

learning that doesnt require any reinforcement. (or reinforcement happens automatically)

(getting pricked by a pin, doesnt need a consequence to occur)

Some forms of learning that don't require reinforcement.

(The bobo doll experiement, kids watched video of adult beating the bobo doll and children reinacted it.)

Language Acquistion Device

(Chomsky)

Motor skills, your ability to do something. (Procedural Memory)

(your body rememebers to ride a bike)

independant of context not relating to personal experience, this is a fact, no story.

( 1+1=2)

Eyewitness Testimony

(Accuracy)

• Learn things in sequence, you are likely to remember things at the beginning and end and not so much the middle.

Memory and how forgetting works.

(Show something for short period of time, then take it away and ask people to copy it down)