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| information in a form that can be read, used, and manipulated by a computer |
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| anything that can be communicated |
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| physical parts of the computer system |
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| device for sending information from the computer, such as a monitor or printer |
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| part of the computer that sorts out information, performs arithmetic calculations, and makes basic decisions based on information values |
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| long-term repositories for data; disks and tape drives are examples |
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| stores programs and the data they need to be instantly accessible to the CPU |
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| RAM (Random Access Memory) |
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| memory that sores program instructions and data temporarily |
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| memory that includes permanent information only; the computer can only read information from it; it can never write any new inormation on it |
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| a unit of measurement for computer's clock speed; millions of clock cycles per second |
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| a measurement of the density of pixels, defining the resolution of a graphic |
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| binary digit; the smallest unit of information; it can have two values; 0 or 1 |
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| about 1000 bytes of information |
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| approximately 1000 K, or 1 million bytes |
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| approximately 1 million megabytes |
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| ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) |
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| a code that represents characters as 8-bit codes; allows the binary computer to work with letters, digits, and special characters |
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| the ability of a software program to run on a specific computer system; also the ability of a hardware device to function with a particular type of computer |
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| OCR (Optical Character Recognition) |
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Definition
| locating and identifying printed characters embedded in an image, allowing the text to be stored as an editable document; it can be performed by wand readers, pen scanners, and similar forms |
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| OMR (Optical-Mark Reader) |
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| a reading device that uses reflected light ot determine the location of pencil marks on standardized test answer sheets and similar forms |
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| a reading tool that uses light to read universal product codes, inventory codes, and other codes created out of patterns of variable-width bars |
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| an older measurement of modern speed; today bits per second (bps) is a more accurate term |
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| Verification and Validation |
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| a system check for hardware and peripherals |
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| protects transmitted information by scrambling the transmissions; when a user does this to a message by applying a secret numerical code (encryption key), the message can be transmitted or stored as an indecipherable garble of characters; the message can be read only after it's been reconstructed with a matching key |
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| software or hardware that guards against unauthorized access to an internal network; keeps internal networks secure while allowing communication with the rest of the internet |
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| software, that spreads from program to program, or from disk to disk anduses each infected program or disk to make more copies of itself; a form of software sabotage |
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| a program that performs a useful task while at the same time carrying out some secret destructive aft; a form fo software sabotage |
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| a program that uses computer hosts to reproduce itself; worm programs travel independently over computer networks, seeking out uninfected workstations to occupy; a form of software sabotage |
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| a program designed to attack in response to a particular logical event or sequence of evetns; a type of software sabotage |
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| the combination of hardware and operating system software upon which application software is built |
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| input, output, and secondary storage devices |
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| a system of programs that perform a variety of technical operations, providing an additional layer of insulation between the user and the bits-and-bytes world of computer hardware |
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| concurrent processing for personal computers; the user can issue a command that inititates a process and continue working with other applications while the computer follows through on the command |
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| loading the non-ROM part of the operating system into memory |
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| tools for doing system maintenance and some repairs that are not automatically handled by the operating system |
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| removing empty space on the hard drive by compressing files to make the computer run faster and more efficiently |
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| the process by which a new disk is prepared for storing data in a particular operating system |
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| software that checks for viruses and removes or at least quarantines the affected files |
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| the process of saving data-especially for data recovery; many systems automatically do this to data and software and put it onto disks or tapes |
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| the phase of the sytems develoment life cycle in which details are fleshed out before design begins |
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| the phase of the systems development life cycle that focuses on how the problem will be solved |
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| the phase of the systems development life cycle in which the system is put to use |
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| the process of checking the logic of an algorithm and the performance of a program |
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| a network in which the computers are close to each other, usually in the same building; typically includes a collection of computers and peripherals; each computer and shared peripheral is an individual node on the network |
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| a network that extends a very long distance; each network site is a node on the network |
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| a computer especially designed to provide software and other resources to other computers over a network |
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| a popular networking architecture developed in 1976 by Xerox |
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| software that only allows user access according to the user's needs; some users can only open files that are related to their work; some users are allowed read-only access to files they can see but not change |
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| a one-word anme that you type to identify yourself when connecting-logging into a secure computer system or network; sometimes called user name |
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| a string of letters and numbers known only by you; it is only effective as a security measure if it's chosen carefully |
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| an individual responsible for maintaining a multi-user computer system |
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| UPS (uninterruptible power supply) |
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| a hardware device that protects computers fromdata loss during power failures |
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| EDI (electronic data interchange) |
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| a set of specifictions for conducting basic business transactions over private networks |
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| someone who uses computer skills to gain unauthorized access to computer systems; also sometimes used to refer to particularly talented, dedicated programmer |
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| using a computer or other device to hack into the phone system |
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| a self-contained intraorganizational network taht is designed using the same technology as the Internet |
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| a global interconnected network of thousands of networks linking academic, research, government, and commercial institutions, and other organizations and individuals |
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| VPN (virtual private network) |
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| a network that uses encryption software to create secure tunnels through the public internet |
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| SSL (secure sockets layer) |
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Definition
| a protocol developed by Netscape for transmitting documents via the internet |
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| http (hypertext transfer protocol) |
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| the internet protocol used to transfer Web pages |
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| URL (uniform resource locator) |
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| EFT (electronic funds transfer) |
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| automatic money transfers made inside computer networks, not through the use of cash or checks |
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| license for multiple copies or removing restrictions on software copying and use at a network site |
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| business transactions through electronic networks ex: shopping, ebay, costomer service, eft |
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| instructions that ell the hardware what to do to transform input into output |
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| software that is free for the trying, with a send-payment-if-you-keep-it honor system |
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| free software that is not copyrighted, offered through World Wide Web seites, electronic bulletin boards, user groups, and other sources |
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| copyrighted software given away for free by the author |
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| software that must be purchased through businesses and is copyrighted |
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| software packages that include severa applications designed to work well together |
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| an agreement allowing the use of a software program on a single machine |
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| making files smaller using special encoding schemes; it saves storage space on disk and saves transmission time when files are transferred through networks |
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| an undocumented way of gaining access to a program, online service, or an entire computer system |
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| to post software or documents to an online source so they're available for others |
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| to copy software from an online source to a local computer |
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| a software help agent that walks the user through a complex process |
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| professionally designed empty documents that can be adapted to specific user needs |
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Term
| GUI (Graphical User Interface) |
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Definition
| a user interface based on graphical displays; with a mouse, the user points to icons that represents files, folders, and disks; documents are displayed in windows; the user selects commands from menus |
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| user interface that requires the user to type text commands to communicate with the operating system |
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| the identification of spoken words and sentences by a computer, making it possible for voice input to be converted into text files |
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| the look and feel of the computing experience from a human point of view |
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| a collection of information stored in an organized form in a computer |
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| each discrete chunk of information in a database |
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| the characteristic of a field that determines the kind of information that can be stored in that field; also called data type |
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| a field that contains data that uniquely identifies the record |
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| ina databse, the information relating to one person, product, or event |
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| looking for a specific record |
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| looking for a specific record |
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| arrange records in alphabetic or numeric order based on values in one or more fields |
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| Database Management System |
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Definition
| a program or system of programs that can manipulate data in a large collection of files (teh database), cross-referencing between files as needed |
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Definition
| a feature of a word processor or other program that enables it to merge names and addresses from a database mailing list into personalized form letters and mailings |
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| a view of the databse that shows one record at a time |
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| showing data by displaying several records in lists similar to a spreadsheet |
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| a relatively simple data system in which each database is contained in a single table |
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| a program that allows files to be related to each other so that changes in one file are reflected in other files automatically |
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| a reference of the validity of data |
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| And, Or, and not used to manipulate true/false values in forming a database query |
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| the discovery and extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases |
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| the intersection of a row and a column on the grid of a spreadsheet |
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| a function of spreadsheet software that enables users to change the appearance of the contents of a cell |
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| along with columns, comprise the grid of a spreadsheet |
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| along with rows, comprise the grid of a spreadsheet |
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| in a spreadsheet, a text entry that provides information on what a column or row represents |
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| the numbers that are the raw material used by spreadsheet software to perform calculations |
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| a predefined set of calculations, such as SUM and AVERAGE, in spreadsheet software |
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| step-by-step procedure for calculating a number on a spreadsheet |
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| custom-designed embedded procedure program that automates tasks in application programs |
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| automatic copying of values, labels, and formulas is a feature of spreadsheet software |
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| in a spreadsheet software, a worksheet that contains labels and formulas but no data values; it produces instant answers when you fill in the blanks |
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| a spreadsheet document that appears on the screen as a grid of numbered rows and columns |
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| a feature of spreadsheet software that allows speculation by providing instant answers to hypothetical questions |
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| a rectangular block of cells |
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| a reference in a spreadsheet to a specific cell address |
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| a reference to a spreadsheet cell in relation to the current cell |
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