Term
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Definition
| Data consists of raw facts and figures. 10 |
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Term
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Definition
| Information is data which has been processed to give it context. 10seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| This is information which has had rules applied to it. John ran 100meters in 10 seconds. |
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Term
| Characteristics of good quality information |
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Definition
Relevant
Accurate
up to date
Complete
Correctly targeted (no good asking vegetarians about meat eating) |
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Term
| Costs of getting good data |
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Definition
Data Collection
e.g. New staff have to be employed to go and ask people questions.
Training needed to show the team how to collect the data.
Data Entry
It takes time for someone to type in the data which takes them away from another
job.
Processing
e.g. New software/hardware has to be written/purchased to allow the results to be obtained before the data gets out of date. |
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Term
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Definition
Presence – requires that a value must be entered. Order number won't process into a value has been entered
Format – the data must conform to a prescribed layout
Range - the data must conform to a prescribed layout |
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Term
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Definition
| An area of a webpage usually a section of text or an image which links to another location on the internet |
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Term
| Frame Definition and Example |
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Definition
An area of a webpage in which semi-independent activities can take place
Example : an area with a menu |
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Term
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Definition
Compatible
Better customisation |
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Term
| legislation covering these of computers |
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Definition
DPA (this makes companies who hold personal data keep the data secure or they can get heavy fines.)
Computer misuse act(introduced to make it illegal for people hacking into your computer by giving hackers a fine of £2000) |
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Term
| Benefits that using a computer network gives the manager. |
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Definition
- Central backups
- Install software from a central point
- IT manager can monitor what work staff are doing from a central
point. |
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Term
| Define Intranet and give use |
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Definition
private network only accessible within the
organisation
Allows consultants to access privileged information from home |
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Term
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Definition
Electronic point of sales is the hardware and software needed to automate the check out proccess
Attarct more customers through services like cashback
Need less staff no need for staff to put the price on everything
Money taken staightout out of account so the company are guaranteed it |
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Term
| Define Electronic Funds transfer |
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Definition
| This is moving money from one account to another account. E.g. from customer account to pay for goods. |
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Term
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Definition
- OMR (teachers given a omr sheet. They fill it in by crossing out a box. Sheet is scanned into a computer
- Admin software on PC (teachers take register on the device and info is transferred to a central server
Swipe Card (Each pupil has their own smart/swipe card which they swipe through a computer at the beginning of registration and every lesson. This data is sent to the office either by wireless
or by file transfer) |
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Term
| Advantages of Computer registering |
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Definition
Saves teachers time
Improved attendance(easier to spot truancy)
Automatic texts to parents
Print report of attendance % |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Computer registering |
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Definition
Swipe(stolen/lost cards)
OMR (cannot be done every lesson as labour intensive so data becomes out of date)
In the event of a fire the system cannot be used so might not know who's in. |
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Term
| Teacher and Learning Methods and advantages |
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Definition
VLEs
Internet researching
Distance learning
Advantages
Interactivity
Quick feedback
Allows user to go over work that they didn't get
Allows users to learn at their space and time that suit them
Disadvantages
Lack of social interaction
Need to be self motivated
Communication failure
Installation and maintenance (well qualified |
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Term
Example of Voice interfaces
Advantages + Disadvantages |
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Definition
Voice control Doctors can use them to dictate notes directly into a computer
Ad
Quicker than typing
No need for a keyboard so empowers the disabled
DisAd
Problems with regional accents
Have to speak slowly
Time to retrain the system
Interference from background noise |
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Term
Example of Touch Sensitive Screens
Advantages + Disadvantages |
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Definition
Buying tickets at railway stations
Ad
Empowering for disabled people to , no need for mouse and keyboard
Used in hostile environments because keyboards can get sticky.
Frees staff to complete other jobs.
Disads
Screen requires recalibration.
damaged screen |
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Term
| Two crimes for Computer misuse act |
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Definition
Hacking into a person’s internet banking account to allow them to steal money from them.
Creating or Spreading a virus which attacks bank computer called a cyber attack so the user cannot access account. |
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Term
| Define Template & Give use |
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Definition
| Stored master document with a pre-defined layout which can be used as a basis for other documents. E.g. Letterhead with company information and logo |
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Term
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Definition
a stored list of instructions which is used to automate a task, code, program.
E.g. Adding a manager’s signature to a letter |
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Term
| Define Mail Merge & Give use |
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Definition
Incorporating data automatically from a store into an outline document.
e.g. Creating a set of letters informing shareholders of the annual general
meeting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Validation is the automatic checking of data entered into a computer system. This checks that the data is reasonable and sensible. |
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Term
| Four factors that could affect the efficiency of data processing systems |
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Definition
Hardware – if the system has an old slow processor will take too long to process the
data
Software - Does the software put a big demand on the system - does it work with
other software
Maintenance procedures - Is there someone whose job is to ensure that the data
and software is kept up to date. Proper backups.
Testing - Has the system been checked in all sorts of situations
Ability of the user |
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Term
| Define Hatching/Rendering |
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Definition
| Allows the architect to try out different finishes on the building to choose the best. |
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Term
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Definition
Outline design (perspective) requires less processing to display/
permits rapid previewing |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows the architect to see what the inside of the building will look like. |
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Term
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Definition
| allows the architect to see the design from all angles. |
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Term
| Advantages of Distance Learning |
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Definition
- Don’t have to be in the same location as teacher/pupils who are ill can keep up to
date
- Can access more courses / allows access to courses not taught in your school.
- Flexibility of time |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Distance Learning |
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Definition
Cost implication of installation
Pupils must be motivated to achieve their goals.
Diminish literacy – texting. |
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Term
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Definition
- Revisit when you need to.
- Automatic process reports
- Variety of activities can motivate and maintain interest. |
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Term
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Definition
Cost of software/specialist hardware.
No collaborative learning. |
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Term
What is a barcode?
Advantages and Disadvantages |
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Definition
A barcode is a series of light and dark bars of differing widths with a code number printed underneath
Advantages
Advantages (1 mark)
Faster to enter data / can read at any angle.
More accurate as eliminates typing errors.
Disadvantages
Equipment is expensive.
Corrupted barcodes can cause delays. |
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Term
| How does Just In time work after the POS |
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Definition
Code matched on stock database.
One deducted from stock database / Item sold decreases record by 1.
Checked against reorder level.
If below automatic level request sent to supplier. |
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Term
| Advantages of Just In Time System |
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Definition
• Smaller storage / warehouses needed as not much stock held
• Easier to cope with several small deliveries (less staff) than 1 big one.
• Do not run out of fast selling items
• Less risk of stock being out of date/waste |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Just In Time System |
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Definition
• Expensive to introduce/set up
• True stock may differ because of theft, etc.
• Disruption to transport
• More admin staff as store responsible for own ordering |
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Term
| Ways in which good information can add to a business |
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Definition
Can target reasoning and strategy (resources) making to gain advantage over competitors
manufacturer spends money developing a new product because
they have seen a gap in the market
(shampoo sizes)
Monitor progress
A shop analyses the performance of its POS terminal operators
and warns operators who are too slow or make too many mistakes |
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Term
Define CAM
Example for CAM and CAD |
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Definition
• CAM is the use of computers to control the manufacturing process using a
design created in a CAD package
- Clothing designed in CAD package and then cut out
correctly and stitched by a CAM package |
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Term
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Definition
CAD designs an object using a computer and CAM makes the object using
a computer guided machine |
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Term
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Definition
No physical prototype so no wastage
Can be more accurate than hand-drawn designs - it reduces human
error
You can edit ideas, which makes it easier and cheaper to modify
your design as you go along |
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Term
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Definition
- The software itself can be expensive so initial costs are high.
- Staff need to be trained how to use the software, which also adds to
costs.
- Requires a powerful PC |
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Term
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Definition
A query is when you interrogate (search, sort, filter) a database to find some
information.
Example (A search to find all the patients with breathing problems ) |
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Term
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Definition
The output from a database in which the results are presented in a
way that is controlled by the user.
Example
Producing formatted lists of patients who are in need of screening tests. |
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Term
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Definition
Import
The ability of a piece of software to read and use the data produced by a different piece of software.
Export
Transferring data from one piece of software/application to another.
Example
Merging names and addresses into a word processing program to
produce appointment letters. |
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Term
| 3 Components of an Expert System |
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Definition
Knowledge base.
Inference engine.
User Interface. |
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Term
| Advantages of Expert Systems |
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Definition
The computer does not 'forget' or make mistakes – remembers obscure cases
of heart diseases
Gives the doctor more time to deal with other patients
The system can be used at a distance over a network. Therefore rural areas
Will never 'retire'.-- No loss of expertise |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Expert Systems |
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Definition
- Cost to buy and set up the system
- Some people do not like to talk to a computer
-People can convince themselves that they are worse than they from misusing
the online version
- Dependent upon the correct information being given. If data or rules wrong the
wrong advice could be given. / GIGO |
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Term
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Definition
CAT produces a complete 3D model of a patient’s bones and internal
organs. |
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Term
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Definition
Provides a tremendous level of detail on tissue information, i.e. very
good for detecting brain tumours. |
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Term
| Advantages of Body scanning |
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Definition
Allows (accurate) diagnosis without the need for surgery (reduces cost for NHS & stress for pacient)
Surgeon better prepared as knows what he is going to find before cutting
open the body.(positioning of organs) |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Body scanning |
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Definition
Have to keep still for long periods in MRI(claustrophobic)
Expensive to purchase or expensive to run/maintain
Health risks – increased risk of cancer –exposure to radiation
Postcode lottery. |
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Term
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Definition
allows the tracking of blood from its donation to its
use |
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Term
| What is Bracelet with a barcode |
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Definition
worn by patient is matched with bar code on
the blood bag / donor |
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Term
| Advantages of blood tracking |
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Definition
Can track a donor if given bad blood
Better stock control of the blood.
Makes sure patient gets the right type. |
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Term
| Disadvantage of blood tracking |
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Definition
| Damaged bar codes can cause delays |
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Term
| Two reasons why data is encoded? |
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Definition
- fewer transcription errors
- less hard disk space required
- faster to process (less Ram is required) |
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Term
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Definition
Coarsening data can lead to loss of precision if dark brown, mousy brown, light brown are all
classed as brown.
Value judgements can lead to inconsistency for example if asked “Was the meal ‘excellent’,
very good’, ‘good’, or ‘poor’?” One person’s excellent meal is only good for another |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Allows the architect to see the design in fine detail. |
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Term
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Definition
Allows the architect to see if there are any load bearing problems with the
design before it is built |
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Term
| Define Animated transition |
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Definition
This is when you give an entry effect (such as fading) when you move from one slide to
another.
In a tutorial, this could be used to keep the pupil interested |
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Term
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Definition
- You can send not only simple text messages but also attached files.
- Easier to find a stored email than a filed letter
- Don’t have to leave the house to send the information (teleworking) / disabled use
- Environmentally friendly / paperless office. |
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Term
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Definition
You are reliant on the recipient having an email account
E-mail attachments have proved to be a security ‘Achilles heel’, providing an entry point for
destructive viruses
Junk email can clog your system |
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Term
| Ways in which ICT is having an effect on home entertainment and leisure |
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Definition
MP3 player – allowing people to listen to a choice of thousands of tracks on a small portable player, which means that they can listen to their favourite music wherever they are.
Music downloads – allows the user to select the particular track that they want rather than a whole CD which saves them money, which they can target at more of what they want.
Digital photography – allows the user to get better at taking thousands of photos and only have to print out the best ones. Saves money and allows them to improve
Interactive TV – gives the user far more choice over what they watch by controlling the
channels and because they can transmit information they can shop, check email etc |
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Term
| Advantages of ICT over manual methods of data processing |
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Definition
Repetitive processing / carrying out the same task to the same standard repeatedly (consistency), e.g. Processing the payroll run on a computer for a large organisation
Data storage capacity / Able to store an enormous amount of information in a small space, e.g. all the information on the pupils in a large school will fit on a hard drive compared to a huge number of filing cabinets
Accuracy and context / Calculations are carried out accurately, e.g. in a spreadsheet if formula and
data are correct then calculations will be correct.
Speed of data communications / Messages sent out across the world instantaneously, e.g. an email can be sent from the UK to the USA within seconds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensors used in ITU units such as temperature, blood pressure, |
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Term
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Definition
Allows 24/7 monitoring
Alarms sounding
Spotting trends in patient symptoms
Frees up staff |
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Term
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Definition
| Calibration needed to check accuracy. |
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Term
| Define Simulation Modelling |
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Definition
| Use of a program to predict the behaviour of a real life system. |
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Term
| Advantages of Sim Modelling in Car Crash |
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Definition
- Cheaper as do not have to physically destroy cars
- Safer as nobody is really hurt
- Can explore different scenarios more easily |
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Term
Use of Biometric Devices
Advantages/Disadvantages |
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Definition
instead of or as well as passports
Face recognition at airports for identity
purposes,
Advantages
Individual (more secure)
Can lose smart cards
Don’t have to remember passwords
Disadvantages
Can be slow to use as only one can use at a time
Equipment is very expensive to buy
Misuse (look for genetic defects in employees) |
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Term
Use of Command Line
Advantages/Disadvantages |
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Definition
Expert using it to find information on network/system configuration
Advantages
Fast to execute (run)
Don’t have to go through menu system/faster to enter commands (not type)
Needs very little overheads
Disadvantages
Need to know the commands / need to spell commands correctly
only experts are able to use them |
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Term
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Definition
| Verification is the use of checks to make sure data is consistent and has not been corrupted. |
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Term
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Definition
Double entry – having to re-input your account number
Proof reading / Read before you submit – being asked to check what you have entered is correct
before being allowed to move on |
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Term
| Advantages & Disadvantages of MP3 players |
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Definition
Ad
Listen to favourite music wherever
they are
Disad
Lack of attention causes accidents |
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Term
| Advantages & Disadvantages of Music Downloads |
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Definition
Advan
Saves money on buying whole albums
Disad
Copyright issues/illegal downloads |
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Term
| Advantages & Disadvantages of Digital photography |
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Definition
Advan
Only pay / printout the better ones
Disad
Cyber bullying issues(Editing) |
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Term
| Advantages & Disadvantages of Interactive TVs |
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Definition
On demand / streaming films
anytime
Increased costs / expensive to buy |
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Term
Health Concerns
Cause and Example |
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Definition
RSI
Playing too many games(texting)
damage to joint and muscles
Backache
Incorrect posture
use adjustable chairs
Physical injury
Grooming
Meeting someone and then being attacked |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies the card holder as a member in a loyalty program |
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Term
| Advantages of a loyalty card? |
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Definition
Allows the supermarket to find the shopping habits of customers and then
allows them to target special offers.
Keeps the customers coming back to the shop
Can sell the data on. |
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Term
| Two advantages of the company of using spreadsheets for financial modelling |
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Definition
Automatic recalculation if data such as rate of pay changes.
compare monthly wage bill
Accurate calculation of wages will increase efficiency/save time |
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