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isu psych 101
unit 3-chapter 10
24
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/24/2010

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Term
motivation
Definition
involves goal directed behavior
Term
drive theores
Definition
internal state of tension that otivates an organism to engage in activites that should reduce this tension, actions should reduce the drive, not able to explain all motivation (overeating, the "thirst for knowledge")
Term
incentive theories
Definition
incntive-an external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior. downplay biological basis of motivation, emphasize environmental factors
Term
evolutionary theories
Definition
motivation that encourages reproductive success is passed on.
Term
biological factors of hunger motivation
Definition
lateral hypothalamus-causes hunger. ventromedial hypothalamus-causes fullness. neuropeptide, seretonin, and GABA involved
Term
Glucose and Digestive Regulation
Definition
glucostats-neurons sensitive to glucose in the surrounding fluids. stomach sends signals to regulate hunger
Term
environmental factors of regulation of hunger
Definition
people may eat for the pleasure of eating, palatability-eat more food that tastes good. quantity available-people tend to consume what is in front of them. some cravings are not learned but are developed early in life. stress leads to more eating for many people
Term
achievement motive
Definition
the need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standars of excellence
Term
situational determinants of behavior
Definition
strength of motivation to acheive success (personality), probability of success, incentive value of success
Term
emotion
Definition
cognitive, physiological, and behavioral component
Term
james lange theory of emotion
Definition
"i feel afraid because i tremble". the conscious experience of emotion results from one's perception of autonomic arousel
Term
cannon bard theory of emotion
Definition
"the dog makes me tremble and afraid". emotion occurs when the thalamus sents signals simultaneiously to the conscious emotion and the autonomic nervous system, emotions originate in subcortal brain structure
Term
schatchter's two factor theory of emotion
Definition
people look at situational cues to differentiate between alternative emotions. 1. autonomic arousal and 2. cognitive interpretation of that arousal
Term
common sense theory of emotion
Definition
"i tremble because i'm afraid", attributes the physiological response to the emotion
Term
arguement fallacies
Definition
irrelvevant reasons-conclusion does not fit the premise, cicular reasoning-premise and concluse are restatements of each other, slippery slope, weak analogies, false dichotomy-saying that that its an either-or choice, only two extreme possibilities
Term
ego-approach orientation (performance orientation)
Definition
a competitive orientation that focuses on being judged favorably compared to other people
Term
avoidance orientation
Definition
" I want to do well on the test so my parents don't get mad at me" avoiding negative affects is main goal
Term
praising children example from class
Definition
children that are praised for being smart instead of working hard are more likely to give up earlier, enjoy subsequent puzzles less, and perform worse on subsequent puzzles
Term
procrastination and self handicapping
Definition
procrastinate in order to have an excuse for why you do poorly on a task or a test
Term
role of emotions
Definition
promote and preserve adaptive functioning, communicate internal states, motivate goal directed behavior
Term
role of thalamus in emotion
Definition
receives input from senses and send it either to the cortex or the amyglada. cortex is the "high road" for slow cognitive processing. amyglada is quick emotional reaction
Term
ideal effect
Definition
westernized countries seek positive emotions that are high in arousel, excited and enthusaistic. eastern countries seek positive emotions that are calm, peaceful, or content.
Term
adaptation level principle
Definition
explains why money doesnt buy happiness after the basic biological needs are met. we judge our happiness in relation to our prior experiences
Term
relative deprevation principle
Definition
we judge our happiness relative to ours achievement, possessions, or happiness
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