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| explains the stability of a person's behavior over time and across situations, an individual's unique constellation of behavioral traits |
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| correlations among any variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters |
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| correlations among any variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters |
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| extraversion, neuroticism(overreactive, anxious, insecure), openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness |
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| include all the diverse theories decended from segmund freud, focus on the unconscious mental forces |
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| primitive instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle (immediate gratification of its urges), often illogical |
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| the desicion making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle, considers social norms and rules, guided by the reality principle, tames the desires of the id |
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| moral comonent of personality that incorperates social standards about right and wrong, emerges out of the ego around 3-5 years old |
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| what you are aware of at the time |
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| the material just beneath the surface of awareness that can be easily retreived |
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| exert influence on behavior that are below the level of awareness |
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| largely unconscious reactions that predict a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt |
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| creating flase but plausible excuses to justify un acceptable behavior |
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| most widely used and basic defense mechanism, keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious |
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| attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another person |
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| diverting emotional feelings from their original source to others, boss makes you mad, you yell at your kids instead |
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| behaving in a way that is exatly opposity of one's true feelings, ales making fun of homosexuals to hide their own homosecual urges |
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| bolstering self esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group |
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| development of personality according to freuds view |
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| 1. oral stage- first year of life, mouth is the main source of erotic stimulation. 2. anal stage-2 years old, bowl movements, toilet training. 3. phallic stage-genitals are the focus, oepipal complex emerges (erotic preference for boy's mom or girls dad and hosility toward sex same parent), penis envy |
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| latency period and genital stages |
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| Jung's Analytical psychology |
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| collegue of freud, proposed that the unconscious had two layers: personal unconscious(same as freuds view of unconscious) and collective unconscious (storehouse of latent memory from all people and ancestral past). archtypes-emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal learning, largely dependent on dream analysis |
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| Adler's Individual psychology |
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| thought freud's theory was too concerned with sex, though striving for superiority was the foremost source of motivation to master life's challenges. compensation-efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities. inferiority complex-exaggerated feelings of weakness |
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| evaluate psychodynamic perspectives |
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| poor testability, in adequate evident, sexism involved |
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| Skinner's ideas applied to personality |
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| personality structure wiew from the outside, thought behavior was only determined by the external stimuli, some consistent behavior are learned responses. development is all a product of conditioning |
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| Bandura's Social cognitive theory |
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| based on reciprocal determinism- people's behavior can determine the environment, mental events, the environment and overt behavior all influence one another. observational learning-learn by watching others. self-efficacy: refers to one's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes.. if you low, you don't think you can accomplish a task |
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| Mischel and the Person-Situation Controversy |
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| advocate of the social learning theory, though behavior is characterized by situational specificity more than consistancy.. spark the debate |
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| optimistic view, Carl Rogers..self concept-collection of belief about one's self. incongruence with it causes the problems |
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| Maslow's theory of self-actualization |
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| hierarchy of needs-sysematic arrangement of needs, according to priority in which basic needs just be et before less basic needs are aroused. self-actualization- the need to fulfill one's potential |
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| eysenck's theory of personality |
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| biological perspective, hierarchy of traits.. three higher order-traits-habitual responses-specific responses |
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| explains why people need self esteem b/c death is inevitable terror is caused when humans think of their mortality. culture is what saves us and self esteem buffers the anxiety, after a traumatic events you are more likely to defend their own group and think negatively of others (sept 11 attacks) |
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| focus on structural components, not the origin or specific behaviors-goal is to summarize, predict and explain behavior |
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| hydraulic model of psychodynamic theory |
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| the stress caused between the id and the ego is repressed but must be released |
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| how people perceive themselves in their world in their own words |
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