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ISSA-(CFT):UNIT 1: Metabolism
International Sports Sciences Association www.issaonline.com Vocabulary words taken from Certifed Fitness Trainer (CFT) 8th Edition
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Fitness
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10/25/2011

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Term
Training effect
Definition
An increase in functional capacity of muscles and other bodily tissues as a result of increased stress (overload) placed upon them.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment
Term
Metabolism
Definition
The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. Some substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized.
Term

Anabolism

 

Definition
The building up in the body of complex chemical compounds from simpler compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids).
Term
Catabolism
Definition
The breaking down in the body of complex chemical compounds into simpler ones (e.g., amino acids to individual proteins).
Term
Metabolic set point
Definition
The base rate of metabolism that your body seeks to maintain; results in your basal metabolic rate.
Term
Basal metabolic rate
Definition
The minimum energy required to maintain the body’s life function at rest. Usually expressed in calories per hour per square meter of the body surface.
Term
Kilocalories
Definition
The amount of energy released when food is digested.
Term
Calorie
Definition
A unit of heat.
Term
Thermogenic effect
Definition
The heat liberated from a particular food is thus a measure not only of its energy content but also of its tendency to be burned as heat.
Term
Respiratory quotient (RQ)
Definition

A method of determining the “fuel mix” being used giving us a way to measure the relative amounts of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins being burned for energy.

 

The formula for calculating RQ is:

RQ = volume of CO2 expired ÷ volume of O2 utilized

Term
ATP/CP pathway: 
Definition
ATP and CP provide anaerobic sources of phosphate-bond energy. The energy liberated from hydrolysis (splitting) of CP re-bonds ADP and Pi to form ATP.
Term
Glycolytic pathway
Definition
Glucose is broken down to produce energy anaerobically.
Term
Oxidative pathway
Definition
Oxygen combines with lactic acid resynthesizing glycogen to produce energy aerobically.
Term
Pyruvate
Definition
A byproduct of glycolysis.
Term
Beta oxidation
Definition
A series of reactions in which fatty acids are broken down.
Term
Krebs cycle
Definition
Citric acid cycle; a set of 8 reactions, arranged in a cycle, in which free energy is recovered in the form of ATP.
Term
Electron transport
Definition
The passing of electrons over a membrane aiding in a reaction to recover free energy for the synthesis of ATP.
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