Term
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Definition
| The process of water changing from a vapor to a liquid. |
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Definition
| Warm, humid air will rise, while cooler air will flow downward. |
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Definition
| Water being released from clouds as rain, sleet, snow, or hail |
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Definition
| The process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil |
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Term
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Definition
| Precipitation that reaches the surface of the Earth but does not infiltrate the soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| When radiant energy from the sun heats water, causing the water molecules to become so active that some of them rise into the atmosphere as vapor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water evaporating from the ground and transpiration by plants |
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Definition
| Water in atmosphere (clouds) is transported by wind from over sea to over land, and over land to over sea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Porous layer of soil which becomes saturated with water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aquifer which has water entering it from land above it. Top layer of saturated soil is called Water Table. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aquifer that is bounded on top and below by impervious rock or soil (an Aquiclude). |
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Definition
| How deep you have to dig to reach water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of land that is right above where the water is. |
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Term
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Definition
| A water-saturated sediment or rock whose permeability is so low it cannot transmit any useful amount of water |
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Term
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Definition
| A vast groundwater resource under eight US states, used esp. for crop irrigation, that stretches from South Dakota to Texas and New Mexico |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrologic process where water moves to groundwater |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy given off from the sun |
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Term
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Definition
| Wavelenth we are getting in the electromagnetic spectrum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Range of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Wavelengths shorter than light rays but longer than x-rays; radiation lying in the ultraviolet range |
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Term
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Definition
| electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves |
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Term
| What is convection and what is it’s relationship to condensation and clouds? |
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Definition
| Convection is the process by which warm air rises and cooler air flows downwards. As the water rises, temperature drops and it turns to snow/ice. |
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Term
| What are the processes of the Hydrolic Cycle? |
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Definition
| Condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, evaporation, evapotranspiration, atmospheric advection |
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Term
| Where does water beading on a cold pop come from? |
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Definition
| Water vapor from air is hitting the cold surface and condensing |
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Term
| How does water re-enter the atmosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which way is water transported due to atmospheric advection? |
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Definition
| Over sea to over land or from over land to over sea |
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Term
| What is the similarity and difference between runoff and infiltration? |
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Definition
| Runoff and infiltration are similar because they both reach the earth's surface. They differ because infiltration is the only one that allows the precipitation to seep into the ground. |
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Term
| Does more or less water travel to the atmosphere each year than is in the atmosphere? By about how much? |
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Definition
| Less water travels to the atmosphere |
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Term
| What % of water is in the Oceans, Glaciers, and Atmosphere? |
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Definition
Oceans - 97.3%
Glaciers - 2.1%
Atmosphere - .001% |
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Term
| How does deforestation effect flooding? |
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Definition
| With decreased infiltration and increased runoff, it is more likely to flood. |
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Term
| What is an aquifer? What is the difference between an unconfined aquifer, and a confined aquifer? |
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Definition
| An aquifer is porous layer of soil which becomes saturated with water. An unconfined aquifer is an aquifer with water entering it from above and a confined aquifer is an aquifer that is bounded on top and bottom by soil. |
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Term
| In the slide with the figure on “Aquifer Types”, why does the water spurt out of one of the wells but not the one on the right? |
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Definition
| The one on the left is a nonflowing well and the one on the right is a flowing well. |
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Term
| How could a well removing water from an aquifer lead to damaged buildings? |
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Definition
| If you pump too much water, the ground will fall in. |
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Term
| Why is Mexico City sinking, and by how much? |
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Definition
| depletion of water in aquifer due to lake drainage and city use..19 inches a year |
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Term
| Where is the Ogallala Aquifer? What is happening to it? What is the relationship between this aquifers recharge and withdrawal? How would this “affect the future of America’s breadbasket”? |
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Definition
| Stretches from South Dakota to New Mexico. Structure of the porous material is changing, limiting the ability to continue recharging. |
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Term
| What three types of energy drive the weather? |
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Definition
| Radiation (sun), thermal (heating of water and air) and mechanical (wind and water currents) |
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Term
| What are a couple types of electromagnetic radiation that would be in a typical home? |
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Definition
| Sunlight, microwave, tv, radio |
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Term
| What characteristic of electromagnetic radiation is used to define different types? |
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Definition
| the frequency and wavelength |
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Term
| What part and percentage of the electromagnetic spectrum can we see? |
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Definition
| Roughly the visible region is 300 nm to 650. so that's 350 nm total. The electromagnetic spectrum goes from 10 Megameters to 1 picometer. So the percentage of the spectrum occupied by visible light is tiny, just 3.5 X 10-9 divided by 10^19 |
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Term
| What blocks UV radiation in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are our “electromagnetic radiation sensors”? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are harmful and helpful aspects of UV radiation? |
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Definition
Harmful - Sunburn on human skin and cataracts in our eyes.
Can cause damage at the molecular level to the fundamental building block of life— deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Helpful - Builds Vitamin D |
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Term
| What animal can “see” infrared radiation, and what does it use this ability to do? |
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Definition
| Rattlesnakes can see infrared radiation and it allows them to see warmth...can see prey at night |
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Term
| Why does IR radiation heat up water? |
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Definition
| Incoming IR radiation makes the atoms within H20 molecules vibrate more. In this way, water adsorbs IR radiation and heats up. |
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Term
| Your fish tank has a width of 10 cm, a length of 50 cm and a height of 20 cm. If you fill the tank half way with freshwater, how much will the water weigh? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is average seawater the most dense at? |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the three heat-transfer mechanisms, which is affected by the light attenuation coefficient? |
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Definition
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Term
| The highest surface salinities in the ocean should be located where the climate is... |
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Definition
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Term
| During which month of the year in Michigan would you be most likely to measure water temperatures of 25°C in the mixed layer and 8°C in the hypolimnion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The carbon containing compounds in water which are not organic compounds, carbonate and bicarbonate species primarily |
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Term
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Definition
| something like your finger or sugar |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, using energy from the sun and chlorophyll |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which oxygen is spread to cells and carbon dioxide and water are given off |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the study that is being changed |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the study that is not being tested and remains constant |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreases at a constant rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Graph that shows the light intensity as depth increases in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| to weaken or reduce in force, intensity, effect, quantity, or value |
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Term
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Definition
| quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Depth at which algae consume oxygen for respiration at the same rate as they produce oxygen by photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Benthic algae grows on top because zebra mussels eat phytoplankton which clears water and allows light to hit the water which causes the bethic algae to grow and when it storms it washes onto the shore. |
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Term
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Definition
| Creature that basically causes the muck |
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Term
| Examples of inorganic carbon and organic carbon |
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Definition
Organic - Sugar, finger
Inorganic - metals |
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Term
| What are the molecules that plants use to make organic carbon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the energy source used to convert inorganic carbon to organic carbon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
inputs - carbon dioxide and water
outputs - organic matter and oxygen |
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Term
| What are the inputs and outputs of respiration? |
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Definition
inputs - organic matter and carbon
outputs - carbon dioxide and water |
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Term
| Do plants perform photosynthesis? Respiration? |
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Definition
| Plants perform photosynthesis in the only in the light and perform respiration all the time. |
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Term
| Do animals perform photosynthesis? Respiration? |
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Definition
| Animals do not perform photosynthesis but perform respiration all the time. |
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Term
| In the “thought experiment” with the plant in a closed container, what happens to the O2 and CO2 in the light, and in the dark? |
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Definition
| In the light the plant is using up CO2 but in the dark the plant is creating more CO2. |
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Term
| How might shoveling snow off ice affect O2 levels under the ice? |
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Definition
| It helps to let more light in which allows photosynthesis to take place which will increase O2 levels. |
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Term
| Where does benthic algae grow? Where does phytoplankton grow? |
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Definition
| Benthic algae grows more towards the bottom and phytoplankton kind of floats around |
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Term
| How can phytoplankton affect the growth of benthic algae? |
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Definition
| Phytoplankton being more towards the surface of the water covers the sun exposure from the algae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plankton consisting of microscopic plants |
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