Allah

The one God, in Islam.

Sunnah

The behavior of the Prophet Muhammad, used as a model in Islamic law. 

Hadith

In Islam, a traditional report about a reputed saying or action of the Prophet Muhammad.

muezzin

In Islam, one who calls the people to prayer from a high place. 

hijrah

Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina. 

sura

A chapter in the Qur'an 

Fatiha 

The first sura of the Qur'an 

Paraclete 

The entity that Jesus said would come after his death to help the people. 

Shahadah

The central Muslim expression of faith: "There is no god but God," and Muhammad is the messenger of God.

shirk 

The sin of  believing in any divinity except the one God,in Islam.

kufr

In Islam, the sin of atheism, of ingratitude to God.

Sunni

A follower of the majority branch of Islam, which feels that successors to Muhammad are to be chosen by the Muslim community.

Shi'a 

The minority branch of Islam, which feels that Muhammad's legitimate successors were 'Ali and a series of Imams; a follower of this branch.

ummah

The Muslim community. 

Shari'ah 

The divine law, in Islam. 

imam 

A leader of Muslim prayer 

Imam 

 In Shi'ism, the title for the person carrying the initiatic tradition of the Prophetic Light. 

Sufism 

The mystical path in Islam. 

dervish 

A Sufi ascetic, in the Muslim tradition.

murshid 

A spiritual teacher, in esoteric Islam.

shaykh 

A spiritual master, in the esoteric Muslim tradition. 

barakah 

In Islamic mysticism, the spiritual wisdom and blessing transmitted from master to pupil.  

tariqa 

In Islam, an esoteric Sufi order.  

zakat

Spiritual tithing in Islam 

hajj 

The holy pilgrimage to Mecca, for Muslims. 

jihad 

 The Muslim's struggle against the inner forces that prevent God-realization and the outer barriers to establishment of the divine order.

mujahid 

 In Islam, a selfless figher in the path of Allah.

 dhimmi 

A person of a non-Muslim religion whose right to practice that religion is protected within an Islamic society. 

ulama 

The influential leaders in traditional Muslim society, including spiritual leaders, imams, teachers, state scribes, market inspectors, and judges. 

Islamist

A person seeking to establish Islamic states in which the rule of God is supreme.  

ijtihad 

In Islam, reasoned interpretation of sacred law by a qualified scholar. 

islam 

The word Islam means "submission", or the total surrender of oneself to God

fiqh 

Fiqh (Arabic: فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence (theory and philosophy of law). It is an expansion of Islamic law, complemented by the rulings of Islamic jurists to direct the lives of Muslims.

salat 

Salat times refers to times when Muslims perform prayers (salat).

sawm 

Sawm (Arabic: صوم) is an Arabic word for fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. 

jizya 

per capita tax imposed on able bodied non-Muslim men of military age. 

hijab 

In some Arabic-speaking countries and Western countries, the word hijab primarily refers to women's head and body covering, but in Islamic scholarship, hijab is given the wider meaning of modesty, privacy, and morality.[1

ahl al-kitab 

"People of the Book" also "Followers of the Holy Books", is a term describing non-Muslim peoples who, according to the Qur'an, received scriptures which were revealed to them by God before the time of Muhammad (especially Christians and Jews).