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tried to redefine caliphate
known for his attempts to end sectarian rivalry in Islam and to impose rational thought
great cultural achievement interested in the work of scientists, particularly of those who knew Greek
He established in Baghdad the House of Wisdom, an institution that translated Greek works into Arabic.
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Muslim jurist and theologian
His disciples founded the fourth of the four major Sunni schools of jurisprudence, the Hanbali
influenced by hadith which led him to reject the officially sanctioned theology that promoted the dogma of the creation of the Qur'an
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instrumental in drastically changing the direction of Islamic theology
comprehension of unique nature and characteristics of God were beyond human capability
Allah created every moment in time and every particle of matter
Al-Ghazali was of this school
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a major genre of Islamic legal Qu'ranic commentary/interpretation looking at historical context directed at the problem of seemingly contradictory material within or between the twin bases of Islamic holy law: the Qur'ân and the Prophetic Sunna.
the abrogation of one verse in the quran by another
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a sentence
not binding
one of many legal opinions
based on persuasive legal ability
asking a reasoned legal authority his opinion
how can muslims tolerate this much plurality?
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the process of analogical reasoning from a known injunction (nass) to a new injunction
ie. wine = whiskey
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religion = philosophy (no difference)
God's revelation used reason, but brought it back to revelation
different understanding of free will
stronger affirmation of divine providence (Al-Ashari)
literal interpretation of Qur'an
"Don't ask why"
Qur'an uncreated Qur'an IS God, part of his very being
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distinction between philosophy and religion
positive use of reason
affirms free will (consistent logic)
stronger emphasis on human responsibility less emphasis on the power/will of God
symbolic/metaphoric interpretation
ask why!
Qu'ran was created
undercutting unity of God
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Islam's scholars
clerical establishment
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spiritual power
can be encountered through beauty of calligraphy
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the concensus of the Ulama on a specific legal issue not covered by the Quran and hadith
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the independent legal judgement of a qualified legal scholar, or mujtahid
legal interpretation of rules how much should you consider public good?
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stories and anecdotes of the prophet and his earliest companions
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correct theological or doctrinal observance of religion, as determined by some overseeing body
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"correct practice"
accepted religious practices and may include both ritual practices as well as interpersonal acts.
of the Five Pillars of Islam fundamental to Sunnis, only Shahadah (profession of faith) deals with belief, the four others deal with practice. However, Shahadah is also considered to naturally precede the other four.
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attaching something to God
similar to a sin
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traditional Qur'anic exegesis
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textual exegesis of the Quran that focuses on the hidden, esoteric meaning of the text
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the traditions of the prophet composed of the hadith
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