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Details Title: Islam Description: Test 2 Total Flash Cards: 20 Created: 10/21/2006 20:53:37	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Caliph al-Ma'mum Definition tried to redefine caliphate known for his attempts to end sectarian rivalry in Islam and to impose rational thought great cultural achievement interested in the work of scientists, particularly of those who knew Greek He established in Baghdad the House of Wisdom, an institution that translated Greek works into Arabic. Term ahamad ibn hanbal Definition Muslim jurist and theologian His disciples founded the fourth of the four major Sunni schools of jurisprudence, the Hanbali influenced by hadith which led him to reject the officially sanctioned theology that promoted the dogma of the creation of the Qur'an Term ashari school Definition instrumental in drastically changing the direction of Islamic theology comprehension of unique nature and characteristics of God were beyond human capability Allah created every moment in time and every particle of matter Al-Ghazali was of this school Term naskh Definition a major genre of Islamic legal Qu'ranic commentary/interpretation looking at historical context directed at the problem of seemingly contradictory material within or between the twin bases of Islamic holy law: the Qur'ân and the Prophetic Sunna. the abrogation of one verse in the quran by another Term fatwa Definition a sentence not binding one of many legal opinions based on persuasive legal ability asking a reasoned legal authority his opinion how can muslims tolerate this much plurality? Term qiyas Definition the process of analogical reasoning from a known injunction (nass) to a new injunction ie. wine = whiskey Term traditionalists Definition religion = philosophy (no difference) God's revelation used reason, but brought it back to revelation different understanding of free will stronger affirmation of divine providence (Al-Ashari) literal interpretation of Qur'an "Don't ask why" Qur'an uncreated Qur'an IS God, part of his very being Term Rationalists! Definition distinction between philosophy and religion positive use of reason affirms free will (consistent logic) stronger emphasis on human responsibility less emphasis on the power/will of God symbolic/metaphoric interpretation ask why! Qu'ran was created undercutting unity of God Term ulama Definition Islam's scholars clerical establishment Term baraka Definition spiritual power can be encountered through beauty of calligraphy Term ijma Definition the concensus of the Ulama on a specific legal issue not covered by the Quran and hadith Term itjihad Definition the independent legal judgement of a qualified legal scholar, or mujtahid legal interpretation of rules how much should you consider public good? Term hadith Definition stories and anecdotes of the prophet and his earliest companions Term orthodoxy Definition correct theological or doctrinal observance of religion, as determined by some overseeing body Term orthopraxy Definition "correct practice" accepted religious practices and may include both ritual practices as well as interpersonal acts. of the Five Pillars of Islam fundamental to Sunnis, only Shahadah (profession of faith) deals with belief, the four others deal with practice. However, Shahadah is also considered to naturally precede the other four. Term tawhid Definition God's oneness and unity Term shirk Definition attaching something to God similar to a sin Term tafsir Definition traditional Qur'anic exegesis Term ta'wil Definition textual exegesis of the Quran that focuses on the hidden, esoteric meaning of the text Term sunna Definition the traditions of the prophet composed of the hadith