Term
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Definition
| Any program that gives the user the ability to complete work on the computer |
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Term
| General-purpose applications |
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Definition
Enable users to complete common tasks
Examples: word-processing, spreadsheet programs |
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Term
| General-purpose application software |
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Definition
-Productivity programs
-Media and graphic software
-Internet-based software
-Home and education programs |
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Term
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Definition
Make it easier to do work
Examples
Word-processing software
Spreadsheet or database software
Presentation software
Project management software
Personal information management software |
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Term
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Definition
Office Button changed to File tab on Ribbon
Allows customization of the Ribbon
Live preview for the paste clipboard
Option to capture and insert screen shots
Enhanced multimedia editing
Video cutting
Removing backgrounds
Recording a slide show as a video
Office Web applications
Free online companions to Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote
Real-time buddy list identifies who is currently editing a document
Stronger security settings for working on collaborative projects |
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Term
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Definition
Features interfaces similar to Microsoft’s Windows operating systems
Application window
Application workspace
Document
Title bar
Window control buttons: minimize, restore down/maximize, close
Window border
Status bar
Scroll bars and scroll arrows
Ribbon
Tab and contextual tab
Group
Quick Access Toolbar |
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Term
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Definition
Automatic text wrapping
Find and Replace utility
Ability to cut, copy and paste text, images, and screen captures
Within document
Between documents and programs
Editing and formatting tools insert headers, footers, page breaks, page numbers, and dates
Embed pictures, graphics, charts, tables, footnotes, endnotes, & more
Add tables, columns, tabs, bulleted or numbered lists
Theme feature provides precreated color schemes and font selections
Live Preview option
Portrait or landscape orientation print options |
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Term
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Definition
Leading spreadsheet program for business and personal use
Stores and manipulates numbers
Modeling/what-if analysis—prediction of things that might happen
Each file is a workbook holding worksheets with columns, rows & cells
Spreadsheet entries and features
Labels
Formulas
Mathematical formulas
Functions
Argument set
Charts
Sparklines |
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Term
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Definition
Database management system
Designed to
Store related data in tables
Create relationships
Generate forms, queries, & reports
Features of Access
Table
Data set
Form
Filter
Query
Report |
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Term
| Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 |
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Definition
Popular program used to create and deliver presentations
PowerPoint screen features
Slide/Outline pane
Notes pane
View buttons
Slide pane
Includes
Professionally designed templates
Slide transitions
Placeholder and image animation options
Animation painter
Ability to insert video
Convert presentation into a WMV video file |
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Term
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Definition
Useful for the management of one or more projects that can vary in complexity
Features include
Visually enhanced timeline emphasizes due dates and deadlines
Team-planning capability
Portfolio manager monitors allocation of scarce resources and current project costs |
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Term
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Definition
Personal information management system
Features include
E-mail
Conversation grouping
Ignoring conversations
Think before you send feature
Calendar with alarms |
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Term
| Media and Graphic Software |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Refers to the technology used in presenting information including:
Pictures
Sound
Video |
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Term
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Definition
| Enable users to incorporate more than one type of technology |
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Term
| Multimedia and graphics software programs |
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Definition
Professional desktop publishing
Multimedia authoring
Paint, drawing, and animation
Image editing
3D rendering, such as CAD
Audio
Video editing |
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Term
| Compression and decompression |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| algorithms that reduce file size and allow faster Internet transfer speeds |
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Term
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Definition
| compression—does not delete information needed to reproduce the image without flaws |
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Term
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Definition
| removes some information, but the loss is typically not noticeable |
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Term
| Audio Video Interleave (AVI)— |
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Definition
| Microsoft-created specification for packaging audio and video data into a file |
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Term
| Desktop publishing programs |
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Definition
| Used to create newsletters, product catalogs, advertising brochures, and other documents requiring unusual design and layout normal word processors do not provide. |
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Term
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Definition
Create bitmapped images (raster graphics)—made up of tiny dots known as pixels
Paint program standard file formats
GIF
JPEG
PNG
BMP
TIFF |
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Term
| Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) |
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Definition
Lossless compression of simple images
Often used for Web pages |
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Term
| Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) |
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Definition
Lossy compression of complex images
Also used for Web pages |
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Term
| Portable Network Graphics (PNG) |
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Definition
Patent-free alternative to a GIF
Lossless compression, suitable for Web use only |
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Term
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Definition
Compression optional
Files tend to be large |
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Term
| Tag Image File Format (TIFF) |
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Definition
Includes descriptive information with the image
Used in publishing |
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Term
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Definition
| Create vector graphics that can be edited and resized without distortion |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide graphic objects with three dimensional effects |
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Term
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Definition
| Manipulates variations in color intensity that would be produced by light falling on an object from multiple directions |
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Term
| Computer Aided Design (CAD) |
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Definition
| 3D rendering programs used by engineers and scientists |
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Term
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Definition
Advanced types of paint programs
Can change complicated bitmapped objects, including photographs
Can edit, but not create, bitmapped images |
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Term
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Definition
| Give the ability to create animation from images and run the animation |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to capture and process sound used in multimedia presentations |
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Term
| Standard sound file formats |
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Definition
MP3
Windows Media Audio (WMA)
WAV
Ogg Vorbis
Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) |
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Term
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Definition
Video editors
Enable the user to:
Modify digitized videos
Save in at least one of these formats:
Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
QuickTime
Video for Windows |
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Term
| Multimedia authoring systems |
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Definition
Used to create multimedia presentations
Require a large amount of disk space and memory to run properly |
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Term
| Web page authoring programs |
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Definition
Professional development tools that have greater scope to create Web pages
-Dreamweaver
-Flash
-Fireworks |
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Term
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Definition
Share files and collaborate
-Windows Office Live
-Google Docs
Help avoid file incompatibility |
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Term
| Undesirable Internet software |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small window that appears in the current browser window |
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Term
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Definition
| targets products to your interests |
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Term
| Home and educational programs |
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Definition
-Personal finance and tax preparation software
-Home design and landscaping software
-Computerized reference software
-Multimedia dictionaries
-Encyclopedias
-How-to guides
-Computer games |
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Term
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Definition
-Total sales up to $68.4 billion by 2012
-Started in 1970s
-Multiplayer online gaming—players interact with characters controlled by other players
-MUDs (multiuser dungeons or dimensions)
-gMUDs (Graphical MUDs)
-MMORPGs (massively multiplayer online role-playing games) |
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Term
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Definition
-Gamers spend an average 18 hrs per week playing games.
-Two of every five gamers are female.
-Members of 65% of U.S. households play video games
-Age of average gamer is 32. |
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Term
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Definition
-Software designed for specific businesses or users
-Often cost more than general-purpose applications because of their development costs |
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Term
| Custom versus packages software |
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Definition
Custom software
Developed for a user’s specific needs
Necessary when an application is not
available
Packaged software
Developed for the mass market |
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Term
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Definition
Developed for a user’s specific needs
Necessary when an application is not available |
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Term
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Definition
Developed for a user’s specific needs
Necessary when an application is not available |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed for the mass market |
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Term
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Definition
-Fully self-contained program
-Advantages
-Purchased and installed separately
-Function by themselves
-Disadvantages
-Take a lot of storage space
-Do not share resources |
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Term
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Definition
-Single program that combines the most commonly used functions of many productivity software programs
-Example: Microsoft Works
-Modules (functions) share the same interface
-Lacks features |
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Term
| Software suite (office suite) |
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Definition
Bundle of standalone programs
Word processing
Spreadsheet
Presentation graphics
Database
Personal information
Share common code, drivers, and graphic libraries |
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Term
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Definition
| Outline the minimal level of resources that a program requires |
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Term
| Releases of programs are cited by a year or version number. |
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Definition
| In a version number, a decimal number indicates a maintenance release. |
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Term
| Time-limited trial versions |
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Definition
| Offered for commercial programs by software companies |
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Term
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Definition
Sometimes available to users
-Software is in the final testing stages and may contain bugs.
-Access is free. |
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Term
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Definition
-How software is kept current.
-Small fixes to software are called patches.
-Large or major fixes to software are called service packs or service releases. |
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Term
| Software can be distributed through the Internet and/or purchased in stores. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
In print or downloaded from the Internet.
-Brief tutorials
-Read Me files
-Help files |
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Term
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Definition
| Permits the user to install the program on one computer |
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Term
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Definition
| Right to install copies of programs on a precise number of computers |
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Term
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Definition
| Providing a special code or product key before using it |
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Term
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Definition
Software that must be purchased
-May have a trial period
Examples
-Microsoft Office
-Adobe Acrobat
-Apple iLife |
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Term
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Definition
| You may try before purchasing |
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Term
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Definition
| Free to users as long as users do not sell it to others |
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Term
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Definition
-Copyright-free software
-Users can modify or sell |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal process prohibits making unauthorized copies |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving the software to the hard disk and properly configuring the software |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes the program off the hard disk |
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Term
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Definition
| Moves it from the hard disk to memory |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be chosen to identify program is run |
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Term
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Definition
| Software settings used by the program unless overridden by the user |
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Term
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Definition
| Automatically saves the users work at specified intervals |
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Term
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Definition
| Quitting or closing down an application |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Individual’s control and use of computers or handheld devices |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Information technology on a large scale, encompassing all aspects of technology and information resources |
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Term
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Definition
-Uses information systems
-Has identifiable output
-Begins with customer’s need and ends with needs fulfilled
-Provides links for information flow
-At each link, value is added in the form of:
-Work performed
-Useful information generated |
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Term
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Definition
-Support or streamline business activities
-Gives competitive advantage
-Superior position over the competition
-Example: Billing process reduces use of paper
-Support internal or external business processes
-Internal: accounting, finance, and human resources
-External: customers, suppliers, and business partners |
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Term
| BPR (Business process reengineering) |
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Definition
-Use of information technology to make major organizational changes and cost saving
-Core of BPR:
-Processes and people
-Key to changing how people work—leads to improved employee morale, customer service, and reduced costs
-Designers focus on business processes
-Can lead to complete redesign of process from ground up
-Attempts to improve efficiency by restructuring how, where, and when activities are performed |
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Term
| BPM (Business process management) |
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Definition
-Improves existing processes and optimizes assets through managing the entire life cycle
-Uses cross-functional approach and IT
-Examines communications within a process and among various systems
-Often applied to discrete parts of an organization rather than the whole
-Encourages employees to suggest and implement changes
-Critical factor of success is continuous improvement of processes and communication. |
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Term
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Definition
-Integrate organization’s information and applications
-Provide common secure enterprise data center
-Used to store enterprise data
-Personnel can share data and enterprise software designed to solve enterprise-level problems. |
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Term
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Definition
-Conducting international business
-Increased by e-business
-Use of Internet for business activities
-Goods and services are identical in all locations |
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Term
| Internationalization or Glocalization |
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Definition
-Combination of globalization and localization
-Adapting of a menu, slogan, or logo to match local taste or trends |
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Term
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Definition
-Provide tools to find innovative ways to:
-Increase accurate and on-time shipments
-Minimize costs
-Increase customer satisfaction
-Maintain profitability |
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Term
| Enterprise systems (con’t.) |
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Definition
-Are information systems and consist of:
Data
Hardware
Software
People
Procedures |
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Term
| Enterprise systems (con’t.) |
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Definition
Additional components may include:
Network servers
Database management systems
Desktop computers
Notebooks
Handheld devices |
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Term
| Centralized versus distributed structures |
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Definition
-Enterprise networking—technology infrastructure
-Managed using one of two structures:
-Centralized
-Distributed |
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Term
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Definition
-Standard technology solutions used by all
-IT department responsible for technology management |
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Term
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Definition
-Technology tools are customized
-Individuals manage technology |
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Term
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Definition
Cost
Applications used
Security
Objectives |
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Term
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Definition
-Application is an ongoing process
-Keeping current
-Implementing improved technology and updated programs may cause lower user comfort level
-Upgrading
-Impact on users
-Hardware upgrades required
-Cost
-Maintenance
-Scalability
-Ability of hardware or software to continue functioning as demands and use increase |
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Term
| Applying technology (con’t.) |
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Definition
-Interoperability
-Ability to connect and exchange data with another computer
-Adding workstations and applications
-SPOF (Single point of failure)
-System component that causes entire system to malfunction when it fails
-Adding a network
-Zero configuration
-Create networks on the fly
-Disaster recovery
-Disaster recovery plan
-BCP (Business continuity plan) |
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Term
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Definition
Essentials
-Copy of backup in different physical location
-To recover, data must be in a protected location
-Recovery process must be completed in time specified
-Constant and ongoing evaluation is required
Additional steps
-Test backup system regularly
-Update backup software when needed
-Protect servers from damage
-Check for security breaches
-Distribute plan to essential personnel |
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Term
| Disaster recovery (con’t.) |
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Definition
Backup centers
-Hot site
-Cold site
Can be outsourced |
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Term
| ERP (Enterprise resource planning) |
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Definition
Software to manage enterprise tasks
-Provides an individual software module for each task
-Integrates modules into one computer system
-Modules are linked
-Can integrate financial, human resources, customer, and order information; speed up manufacturing processes; reduce inventory
-Some projects fail because of employee resistance to change
-Implementation is expensive and takes time
-Vendors include: SAP, Oracle, and Sage |
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Term
| CRM (Customer relationship management) |
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Definition
-Follows interactions between an enterprise and customers
-Assists in efforts to hold onto customers
-Software can be used to match company resources with customer wants and needs
-Vendors include FrontRange Solutions, Oracle, SAP, and Salesforce.com |
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Term
| SFA (Sales force automation) |
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Definition
-Software that automates sales processes
-Processes and tracks orders
-Manages customers and other contacts
-Monitors and controlling inventory
-Analyzes sales forecasts |
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Term
| XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) |
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Definition
-Used to publish and share enterprise financial information
Examples: net revenue, annual and quarterly reports, and SEC filings
-Works regardless of the computer platform |
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Term
| SaaS (Software as a Service) |
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Definition
- Web-based software
-Used by enterprises that outsource a portion of their IT tasks
-Can use application service provider (ASP) to host software |
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Term
| OSS (Operational support systems) |
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Definition
-Software suite to assist the network operations of an enterprise
-Create network inventory
-Provide network discovery and reconciliation
-Tracking network assets and maintenance |
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Term
| EAI (Enterprise application integration) |
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Definition
-Highly complex tool that integrates two or more enterprise systems
-Provides integration by combining processes, hardware, software, and standards |
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Term
| RAID (Redundant array of independent disks) |
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Definition
-Multiple hard drives hold same data
-Goal to improve storage speed and protect against data loss
-Service interruption is prevented if any one drive fails
-Fault tolerant |
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Term
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Definition
Jukebox—enterprise storage units that use DVD and CD discs
Library—enterprise storage units that use Blu-ray optical media
-Newest media
-Eco-friendly |
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Term
| SAN (Storage area network) |
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Definition
-Available on LAN or WAN
-High-capacity network of storage devices
-Keeps enterprise services available for processing |
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Term
| NAS (Network-attached storage) |
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Definition
-Provides data and file sharing
-Access provided via a network |
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Term
| Enterprise-wide technologies |
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Definition
| Can be used to gain a competitive advantage |
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Term
Enterprise-wide technologies
Can be used to gain a competitive advantage |
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Definition
Grid computing
Cloud computing
Blade servers
Thin clients
Web portals
Electronic data interchange
Virtual private networks
Intranets and extranets
Computer-based and Web-based training
Teleconferencing
Telecommuting
Workgroup computing |
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Term
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Definition
-Uses many computers to solve a problem
-Usually scientific or technical problems |
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Term
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Definition
-Subscription service that provides scalable resources and IT services over the Internet
-Multi-tenancy—application is installed only once in the cloud but can be shared and customized
-Security aspects should be verified before using |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy efficient, low-cost modular computers |
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Term
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Definition
| Software program or computer that relies on other computers to do most of the work |
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Term
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Definition
-Web sites that supply numerous online services
-Examples: AOL, Yahoo!, MSN, and Google
-Business portals offer centralized knowledge and content management |
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Term
| EDI (Electronic data interchange) |
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Definition
-Popular method for sharing information and doing business over networks, including the Internet
-Set of standards that dictate how data and documents are transferred between enterprises
-Can make businesses more efficient
-Business-to-business e-commerce |
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Term
| VAN (Value-added network) |
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Definition
| Public data communication network that an enterprise uses for EDI or other services |
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Term
| VPNs (Virtual private networks) |
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Definition
-Connect distributed LANs over the Internet
-Ensure security through the use of encryption and supplemental security features. |
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Term
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Definition
-Internal enterprise network
-Accessed only by employees or authorized individuals
-Employee manuals and telephone directories can be moved to an intranet, creating enormous savings for the enterprise |
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Term
| CBT (Computer-based training) |
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Definition
-Convenient, affordable, learning method
-Useful when multimedia, animation, and programmed learning are used |
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Term
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Definition
-Similar to CBT
-Training provided over the Internet or intranet
-Includes instant messaging, discussion forums, chat tools, Web broadcasts with streaming audio or video, and videoconferencing |
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Term
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Definition
-Enables business to be conducted by using computer and telecommunications equipment
-Enhances enterprise communication
-Often reduces costs |
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Term
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Definition
-Working from home via computer and telecommunications equipment
-Numbers are increasing
-Benefits—productivity gains, lower employee turnover, and reduced costs for office space
-Disadvantage—lack of direct supervision of employee |
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Term
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Definition
-Used to communicate and collaborate
-Uses specific computer hardware, software, and network equipment
-Groupware (teamware) is software that supports workgroup information requirements.
-Applications include:
E-mail
Videoconferencing tools
Group-scheduling systems
Customizable electronic forms
Real-time shared applications
Shared information databases
-Facilitates workflow automation |
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