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ISB 204 Exam 2--Chromosomes and Inheritance
N/A
17
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/15/2012

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Term
disease
Definition
something that is caused by an infection
Term
bacteria and virus
Definition
two most common things that cause infection
Term
prions
Definition
can cause infection as well
Term
genetic disorders
Definition
cause by mutation in DNA or abnormal chromsome number
-typically inherited
-typically mutation found in all cells of individual
Term
cancer
Definition
some believe aneuploidy may be cause of cancer, caused by series of mutations in single cell or its offspring
Term
most health problems are mixture of
Definition
enviormental influence and genetic influence
Term
pedigrees
Definition
a familial history--set diagrams
Term
carrier
Definition
person who does not suffer from a recessive genetic debilitation, but who carries an allele for it that can be passed along to offspring
Term
autosomal disorder
Definition
genetic disorder caused by a defect located on one any chromosome other than sex chromosome
Term
x linked disorder
Definition
genes that cause them lie on x-chromosomes
-more males than females
Term
autosomal recessive
Definition
-genetic disorder that will not exist in presence of functional allele
-child must inherit two defective alleles to have disease
Term
autosomal dominant
Definition
-genetic condition in which a single faulty allele can cause damage
Term
karyotype
Definition
visual image of chromosome set used for detecting chromosomal abnormalities
Term
polyploidy
Definition
condition in which one ore more entire set of chromosomes have been added to genome of diploid organism--two sperm in one egg
Term
aneuploidy
Definition
organism has either more or fewer chromosomes than normally exist in its species full set
Term
nondisjunction
Definition
failure of homologous chromosomes or siter chromatds to seperate during meiosis
Term
polygenic disorder
Definition
many different genes contribute a small part
-require specific combination of alles from many different genes
-enviorment usually important
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