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| System by which Irish peasants were forced to take in english soldiers into their houses and give them quarter. |
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| Granted Henry II, by Papal laudibiliter, the control and right as king over ireland to bring civilization to the Irish. |
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| Seat of Ulster kings in county Armagh. Also, the royal court of Conchobar Mac Nessa in the Tain and foster home to Cu chulainn. |
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| Irish abbey founded by St. Columba off the coast of Scotland. Origin of the book of kells. |
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| Vassal and noble of King Henry II who supported Diarmuit MacMurrough in fight against O'Connor and O'Rourke and landed an army. Began the English dominion of Ireland. |
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| Famous Irish blind bard who traveled Ireland singing songs of its culture. Granted quarter by the Macdermottroe family and trained in the arts. |
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| Laws passed by the English crown designed to assert English culture in Ireland and prevent the ruling anglo-normans from becoming too Irish. |
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| Battle of the Boyne, 1690 |
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| Battle between James II of the Stuart kings against William of Orange in fight over the English crown. James led coalition of Catholic forces against the protestant forces of William. |
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| Law passed that all laws passed in the Irish parliament must be approved by the king first and could only meet with the king's permission |
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| Ancient Irish ritual site, containing burial ruins. Well preserved example of ancient irish belief systems, culture, and architecture. |
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| Small fort or foritified position built upon a lake for safety. |
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| Medieval High King of Ireland and leader of O'Brien clan. United Ireland against the vikings and drove them out in 1014 at battle of clontarf in which he himself was killed. |
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| Pledged his lands in Leinster to Strongbow in exchange for military support from the english crown against O'Connor and O'Rourke. Effectively invited the English crown to establish dominion in Ireland. |
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| Medieval abbey founded on the rocky islands off the coast of county Kerry. Isolated community of Irish monks established to transcribe the word of God. |
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| Final battle of the Gaelic uprising of O'Neill and O'Donnell. Combined forces of gaelic Ireland and spain unite to challenge English rule, which led to the Flight of the Earls in 1607. |
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| Jonathan Swift, dean of St. Patrick's cathedral. Author of "A Model proposal" and notable critic of the ruling protestant aristocracy, his own class. |
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| Leader of the parliamentarian "new model army" during the english civil war. Exacted calculated revenge of slaughter of catholic ireland for the massacre of 1641. Established english domination of Ireland through slaughter and economic warfare. |
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| High watch towers constructed at Irish monasteries as a lookout position and safehouse for monks during viking raids. Possessed a raised door from the ground, only accessible by a ladder by which the monks could hide. |
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| system of writing used in ancient ireland to inscribe messages into stone. Used by cu chulainn in the Tain to warn his enemies. |
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| System of law and governance established in ancient Ireland by which all political and social interactions were judged. Law was interpreted by brehons and established a system of land ownership through generations of the derbh fine. |
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| Flight of irish men who followed Patrick Sarsfield during the williamite wars to serve in foreign armies. Sought opportunities abroad not available to the irish at home. |
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| Thomas Fitzgerald, lord Offaly, who led a revolt and disavowed his allegiance to the english king Henry VIII. Sought foreign aid in cause against the anglican schism of England. |
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| Fairy hill, or home to the mythological fairy inhabitants of Ireland. |
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| Battle in which Brian Boru drove the Vikings out of Ireland, firming his claim as High king of ireland. However, Brian was killed at the battle, ending hopes of a united irish kingdom. |
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| Mythological son of Lugh the sun god and hero of ulster. Main character of the tain who possessed other worldly strength and prowess as a warrior. |
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| System of laws passed to prevent any catholic from challenging anglican ascendancy power in ireland. Restricted catholics from any fundamental right to an education, to vote, or to sit in parliament. Stripped catholic ireland from any claims to power or social mobility. |
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| Extended family structure of ancient and medieval ireland through which brehon law was applied and land holdings were passed. Most important social unit in gaelic irish culture. |
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| Dedicated irish nationalist and irish patriot who established the cross religious/cultural United Irishmen. He sought political freedom for the irish people and political reform through the establishment of a national irish identity. Used force and armed uprising in order to further his cause. |
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| Irish patriot and member of irish parliament who fought for irish control for home affairs. Supporter of both ascendancy power and rights of catholics in ireland. |
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| Irish citizen trained in the arts of war in france who led the "wild geese" in campaign against William of Orange. Surrendered at the battle of Limerick city and fled to mainland europe, taking the wild geese with him. |
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| Flight and exile of Red hugh O'Donnell and Hugh Roe O'Neill from ireland after defeat at the battle of kinsale. Marked the end of ancient gaelic irish rule in ireland. |
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| process by which Irish lands were taken by the king as his rightful property and granted to loyalist enlish and scottish settlers. Final blow to irish catholic landholdings in Ireland. |
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| Son of one of the last true Gaelic families of Ireland. Known as "The liberator" for his use of monster meetings and constitutional means to fight for catholic emancipation and the end of Irish union. |
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| In charge of irish famine relief sytems during the great hunger. Strich adheror to english Laissez-faire economic system and viewed as great enemy to the poor gaelic irish. Refused to mainpulate market prices, which led to the death and starvation irish peasantry. |
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| Formal english treaty that united England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland into the UK. Dissolved the irish parliament in dublin and granted irish representation in the London parliament. Struck a major blow anglican ascendancy power. |
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| Medieval historian and chaplainn to Henry II. Published topographical treatise of ireland through which he advocated and supported English rule of ireland on grounds of irish barbarianism and lack of civilization. |
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| Illegal roadside schools established by gaelic irish communities to instruct and educate young children of irish history, traditions, and culture during the penal laws. |
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| "Men of art". Recorders of histories, culture and stories for ancient and medieval irish communities through song and epic poems. |
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| Transcribed irish reproduction of the gospels in latin by irish monks at the abbey of iona. Reproducted in the irish style that was a precursor to modern irish script. |
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| Self declared general and leader of dublin slum mob against the ruling aristocracy which murdered the chief justice of ireland and his son during an uprising. Delivered famous speech from the docks expressing his desire to be known as a deliverer and patriot of ireland. |
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| Expression of resentment of descendants of irish landowners whol held land east of the shannon to curse cromwell for stripping them of their rightful land holdings and traditional homes. |
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| Immigrant ships headed for the Americas carrying poor, starving, and diseased irish peasants. Labled coffin ships for the high death rate and pestilence on board during the atlantic crossing. |
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