Term
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Definition
| A process or method for generating a body of knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
1.Description- accurate portrayal of phenomena of interest
2.Explanation- gathering information about what and why this phoneme exists
3.Prediction- anticipate events prior to occurrence
4.Control- be able to manipulate the conditions affecting behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of interrelated constructs, definitions, propositions that present a systematic view of a phenomena. With the purpose of explaining and predicting this phenomena |
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Criteria for a good theory (1/5)
1. Parsimony |
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Definition
| ability to explain alot as simply as possible |
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Criteria for a good theory (2/5)
2.precision |
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Definition
| Specific and accurate in it's wording and its conceptual statements, so everyone knows what the predictions are |
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Criteria for a good theory (3/5)
3. testability |
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Definition
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Criteria for a good theory (4/5)
4.useful
5.Generativity |
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Definition
| 5. stimulate research that attempts to support or refute it's propositions |
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Term
1. Internal validity
2. external validity |
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Definition
1. Causality
2. generalization |
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Term
Research designs help to control for confounding//extraneous variables
1.Experimental Methods |
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Definition
Random assignment
Manipulation of Independent variables both help to increase INTERNAL VALIDITY |
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Term
| Random assignment and manipulation are the keys to |
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Definition
1.controlling extraneous variables
2. ruling out alternative explanations
3. being able to draw casual inferences |
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Experimental Method
1 Laboratory Experiments |
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Definition
Random Assignment
Manipulation of IV
Increase INternal Vadility
NOT GOOD FOR EXternal Vadility and Generalization |
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Experimental Method
2.Field Experiments |
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Definition
Randomization
Manipulation of IV
NOT PRACTICAL OR FEASIBLE IN MOST ORGANIZATIONS |
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Experimental Method
3.Quasi-Experiment |
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Definition
Common in IOP (Randomize by dept. instead of by an individual)
Some manipulation of IV
reasonable levels of Internal Validity |
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Term
Observational Method
Surveys |
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Definition
Most common data collection in IOP..
No causality or manipulation
Just used to describe the relationship |
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Term
| Convergent Validity (coefficients) |
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Definition
| The degree to which a measure of the construct is related to the measure of other similar constructs... should be able to converge with other information... HIGH CORRELATION between variables |
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| Divergent Validity (coefficients) |
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Definition
| The degree to which constructs or dissimilar, there should be divergence, LOW CORRELATION |
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Reliability
1.Test-Retest Method |
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Definition
| Highest amount reliability- but people may not show up for the re-test |
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Reliability
2. Equivalent Form method |
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Definition
| Use form A/then form B... We can only say the forms are equivalent, so correlation less than test-retest |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of statistical formulas, low reliability and low correlation |
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Term
DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
1.naturalistic observation
2.participant observation
3.unobtrusive naturalistic observation |
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Definition
1.not popular in IOP
2.blends in
3.researcher tries not to draw attention |
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Term
DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
Case studies |
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Definition
| examination of an individual, group, company or society. Main purpose is DESCRIPTION// but is LIMITED IN EXTERNAL VALIDITY |
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Term
DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
Archival Research
USED IN IOP |
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Definition
| research relying on secondary data sets that were collected either for general or specific purposes identified by an individual or organization. Lack of control over the quality of the data is the chief concern with archival research. |
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Term
ARCHIVAL RESEARCH
USED IN IOP |
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Definition
had cross-sectional- collected at one point in time from a single group of respondents
longitudinal data- collected over long periods of time so changes in attitudes and behavior are examined |
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Term
TYPES OF DATA
Surveys
MOST FREQUENTLY USED IN IOP |
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Definition
| selecting a sample of respondents and administering some type of questionnaire. |
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Term
TYPES OF DATA
Self-administered questionnaire |
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Definition
completed by respondents absence of an investigator by mail
common in field settings where employees are often asked about their attitudes and beliefs about jobs and organizations
1.easy to admister
2.can be handed out to large groups of people at the same time
3.participants are unknown
neg.
1.likely hood of returned surveys is low
2.conclusions can be inaccurate
3.cant have clarification if they dont understand a question |
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Term
TYPES OF DATA COLLECTING TECHNIQUESs
Interviews |
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Definition
more time consuming because they are done one- on -one.
1.respond rates are higher
2. questions can be answered
IN IOP INTERVIEWS ARE USED TO GATHER DATA ABOUT THE COMPANY FROM THE EMPLOYEES PERSPECTIVE |
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| ESM- EXPERIENCE SAMPLING METHODOLOGY |
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Definition
| data collection approach that captures momentary attitudes and psychological states. Popular when studying emotions |
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Term
Reliability
internal consistency |
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Definition
| should be around .70, but VADILITY IS also important |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which our test measures what we believe it measures and how well it predicts other things |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which a test measures the underlying construct it was intended to measure |
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Term
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Definition
| an abstract quality such as intelligence and motivation that is not observable and difficult to measure |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which test scores obtained at one point in time predict criteria obtained at some later point in time// SAT and GRE examples |
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Term
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Definition
| how well a test predicts a criterion that is measured at the same time the test is administered |
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Term
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
Mode |
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Definition
| most frequent score in a distribution |
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Term
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
mean |
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Definition
| most useful// average of scores |
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Term
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
Median |
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Definition
| extreme scores do not affect |
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Term
VARIANCE
2.standard deviation |
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Definition
most useful measure of dispersion
2.the square root of r
68% 1 sd
99% 3 sd |
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Term
| Correlation coefficient (r) |
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Definition
| strength of the relationship between variables. provides direction and magnitude of relationship |
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Term
| coefficient of determination (r2) |
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Definition
| the percentage of variance in a criterion that is accounted for by a predictor. The overlap of the correlation |
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Term
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Definition
| used to conduct quantitative literature reviews. Helps to QUANTIFY the relationship between two variables. |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which a test or predictor covers a representative sample of the quality being assessed. ex. is the test over the material from the book? Employees performance appraisal reflects all the important elements of his or her job |
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