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Invertebrates
General
44
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/30/2012

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Term
animal
Definition
Multicelled consumer with unwalled cells; develops through a series of stages and moves about during part or all of the life cycle.
Term
annelid
Definition
Segmented worm with a coelom, complete digestive system, and closed circulatory system.
Term
antenna
Definition
Of some arthropods, sensory structure on the head that detects touch and odors.
Term
arachnid
Definition
Land–dwelling arthropod with four pairs of walking legs; a spider, scorpion, mite, or tick. 
Term
arthropod
Definition
Invertebrate with jointed legs and a hard exoskeleton that is periodically molted.
Term
bilateral symmetry
Definition
Having paired structures so the right and left halves are mirror images.
Term
bivalve
Definition
Mollusk with a hinged two–part shell.
Term
cephalization
Definition
A concentration of nerve and sensory cells at the head end.
Term
cephalopod
Definition
Predatory mollusk with a closed circulatory system; moves by jet propulsion.
Term
chelicerates
Definition
Arthropod subgroup with specialized feeding structures (chelicerae) and no antennae.
Term
choanoflagellate
Definition
Member of the protist group most closely related to animals.
Term
closed circulatory system
Definition
Circulatory system in which blood flows through a continuous system of vessels, and substances are exchanged across the walls of the smallest vessels.
Term
cnidarian
Definition
Radially symmetrical invertebrate with two tissue layers; uses tentacles with unique stinging structures (nematocysts) to capture food.
Term
coelom
Definition
Body cavity lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.
Term
crustaceans
Definition
Mostly marine arthropod group with two pairs of antennae; for example, shrimp, crabs, lobsters, and barnacles.
Term
deuterostomes
Definition
Lineage of bilateral animals in which the second opening on the embryo surface develops into a mouth.
Term
echinoderms
Definition
Invertebrates with hardened plates and spines embedded in the skin or body, and a water–vascular system.
Term
ectoderm
Definition
Outermost tissue layer of an animal embryo.
Term
endoderm
Definition
Innermost tissue layer of an animal embryo.
Term
exoskeleton
Definition
Of some invertebrates, hard external parts that muscles attach to and move.
Term
flatworm
Definition
Bilaterally symmetrical invertebrate with organs but no body cavity; for example, a planarian or tapeworm.
Term
gastropod
Definition
Mollusk in which the lower body is a broad “foot.”
Term
hermaphrodite
Definition
Animal that produces both eggs and sperm, either simultaneously or at different times in its life.
Term
hydrostatic skeleton
Definition
Of soft–bodied invertebrates, a fluid–filled chamber that muscles exert force against, redistributing the fluid.
Term
insects
Definition
Most diverse arthropod group; members have six legs, two antennae, and, in some groups, wings.
Term
invertebrate
Definition
General term for an animal that does not have a backbone.
Term
larva
Definition
Preadult stage in some animal life cycles.
Term
mesoderm
Definition
Middle tissue layer of a three–layered animal embryo.
Term
metamorphosis
Definition
Dramatic remodeling of body form during the transition from larva to adult.
Term
mollusk
Definition
Invertebrate with a reduced coelom and a mantle; such as a bivalve, gatropod, or cephalopod.
Term
molting
Definition
Periodic shedding of an outer body layer or part.
Term
nematocyst
Definition
Stinging organelle unique to cnidarians.
Term
nerve net
Definition
Of cnidarians, a mesh of nerve cells with no central control organ; allows movement and other behavior.
Term
open circulatory system
Definition
System in which blood leaves vessels and seeps through tissues before returning to the heart.
Term
placozoan
Definition
The simplest modern animal known, with an asymmetrical flat body, four types of cells, and a small genome.
Term
planarian
Definition
Free–living freshwater flatworm.
Term
protostomes
Definition
Lineage of bilateral animals in which the first opening on the embryo surface develops into a mouth.
Term
pseudocoelom
Definition
Unlined body cavity.
Term
radial symmetry
Definition
Having parts arranged around a central axis, like spokes around a wheel.
Term
roundworm
Definition
Unsegmented worm with a pseudocoel and a cuticle that is molted as the animal grows.
Term
segmentation
Definition
Having a body composed of similar units that repeat along its length.
Term
sponge
Definition
Aquatic invertebrate that has no tissues or organs and filters food from the water.
Term
vertebrate
Definition
Animal with a backbone.
Term
water–vascular system
Definition
Of echinoderms, a system of fluid–filled tubes and tube feet that function in locomotion. 
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