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(Phylum) includes: Asteroidea (starfish), Echinoidea (sea urchins & sand dollars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars), Crinoidea (sea lily, feather stars)
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(starfish)
-aka pyloric or digestive caeca; most digestion and absorption of food occurs here |
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| ("ambulare": to walk): a groove running down the oral surface of an echinoderm arm, containing the tube feet |
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| The madreporite is an opening used to filter water into the water vascular system of echinoderms. It is visible as a small red or yellow button-like structure, looking like a small wart, on the aboral surface of the central disk of a starfish. |
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| found on Echinoderms, particularly of the class Asteroidea. They serve to keep the body surface clear of encrusting organisms, though some pedicellariae aid in food capture |
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(starfish)
-in echinoderms, the round, muscular structure on a tube foot that aids in locomotion
-Contraction of the tube feet forces water into the ampullae, creates suction that allows suckers at the ends of the feet to hold to a surface; When the ampullae contract, water is forced into the feet, extending them and releasing the suction. These coordinated actions permit movement, attachment, and capture of prey. |
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| fusion of several segments in arthropoda to form a single segment with a specialized function |
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(starfish)
-situated near anus in the middle of starfish |
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| part of the digestive tract of crustaceans; grinding structure |
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| The coxal gland (sometimes green gland) is a gland in some arthropods for collecting and excreting urine. The excretion can take place at the base (coxa) of the legs or, in some higher crustaceans, of the antennae or maxillae (then called antennal glands or maxillary glands, respectively). |
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Ca++ storage
-adds calcium carbonate for exoskeletonal rigidity |
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| (starfish) usually orange peach in color |
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organ that produces sex cells in animals
-females: ovary
-males: testis |
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| An opening in the heart where blood enters. Found in open circulatory systems. |
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| portion of the foregut that contains chitinized teeth that grind food |
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- removes and excretes nitrogenous waste from hemolymph
- interstitial fluid flows into closed distal ends (in the coelom)and travel along the tubules
- waste empties into the lumen of the hindgut and excreted |
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| hemimetabolous metamorphasis |
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aka direct metamorphosis
- egg hatches into a nymph, which resembles a miniature version of the adult
-ex: grasshopper |
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| holometabolous metamorphosis |
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aka indirect metamorphosis
- egg hatches into a larva, which bears no resemblance to the adult organism
- ex: mosquito |
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| organism breaks down into undifferentiated cells and components |
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| stops when sexual maturity is reached |
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| An imaginal disc is one of the parts of a holometabolous insect larva that will become a portion of the outside of the adult insect during the pupal transformation |
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Class Insecta
Fruitfly
- holometabolous metamorphosis
- egg, larvae, pupa, adult
- larva - segmentation of body, absence of legs, mouth hooks for chewing, tracheal tubules
- pupa - enclosed in puparium made from skin of larva; can see stalked, terminal openings (spiracles), wings, and black mouth hooks
- adult - make functional gametes; 3 body regions: head, thorax, abdomen; mouthparts specialized for sucking; compound eyes; second pair of wings but may be wingless
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| prominent silvery respiratory passages that open externally along the dorsal side of fruit fly larva (Class Insecta) |
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| a hard, pale brown case formed from the skin of the larva |
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stalked, terminal openings
[image] |
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| (Class Insecta): Fruit Fly |
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Class Insecta
Each eye is composed of many small hexagonal units "ommatidia" |
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| small hexagonal units in each compound eyes |
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Class Insecta
- arranged in triangle along the mid-line of the dorsal surface of head
- appear as three small, translucent spot |
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(Class Insecta) Cockroach
- open circulatory system
- dorsal vessel = main circulatory vessel
+ carries fluid plasma w/ amoebocytes
(hemolymph) anteriorly
+ hemolymph goes to cavities surrounding
internal organs and posteriorly and
picked up by dorsal vessel |
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Class Insecta: Cockroach
(females) |
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Class Insecta: Cockroach
(males) |
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- tapered abdomen with a ridge that is split to permit the release of large egg cases
- pair of ovaries
- eight ovarian tubules (ovarioles)
- accessory gland near oviduct |
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- rounded abdomen and paired styles
- have a pair of testes
- vas deferens
- accessory gland
- conglobate gland |
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Class Insecta: Cockroach
-thickened plates |
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| Hemolymph or haemolymph is the blood analogue used by all arthropods and most mollusks that have an open circulatory system. In these animals there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid. The liquid fills all of the interior (the hemocoel) of the body and surrounds all cells. |
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Cockroach
-ganglia: aggregation of neuron cell bodies |
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- open circulatory system - large arteries transport oxygenated hemolymph throughout body - have respiratory pigment, hemocyanin (dissolved in plasma) - hemolypmh to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide - dioecious - copulate in spring or fall
- two-chambered stomach |
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- genital opening on base of 2nd walking leg; four swimmerets
- release mucus; eggs get trapped in them
- releases sperm and egg simultaneously |
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- genital opening at base of 4th walking leg
- 2 modified swimmerets for facilitating sperm transfer
-3 regular swimmerets |
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| Shorter appendages located between and below the eyestalks; used to smell and taste (crayfish) |
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| dorsal portion of an arthropod segment other than the head (crayfish) |
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| either of the two posterior abdominal appendages of the lobster, shrimp and some other crustaceans (crayfish) |
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| location of female genital aperture: |
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| location of male genital aperture: |
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| how many walking legs do crayfish have? |
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| The part of an arthropod posterior to the last segment (crayfish) |
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| the first body section - head and thorax fused together (crayfish) |
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| hard outer covering or case of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles (crayfish) |
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(crayfish)
- muscular
- open circulatory system |
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| An opening in the heart where blood enters. Found in open circulatory systems |
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| one side of the carapace? (crayfish) |
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| construct pathway for respiratory system of crayfish: |
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| Heart-->arteries-->tissue sinuses (-oxygen)--> central sinus --> gills (+oxygen) --> pericardial sinus --> repeat |
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| sperm for those lacking receptacles; stored on swimmerets |
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(crayfish)
- contains the gastric mill
-consists of chitin plates (cardiac ossicle) which are manipulated by cardiac muscles for grinding food |
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| are projections of the coelom of Asteroidea that serve in respiration and waste removal |
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(starfish)
- tip of each arm |
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(starfish)
-tip of each arm |
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| organic component of arthropod exoskeleton consisting of a complex, nitrogen-containing polysaccharide |
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| protective covering usually protecting pupa in arthropods or eggs in annelids |
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(crayfish)
-consists of mouth, esophagus and 2-chambered stomach |
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| sinus or space filled with blood, not a true coelom |
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| sea lily or feather stars |
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| spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs |
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| contains Crustacea and Tracheata |
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| spider crabs, terrestrial semi-parasitic fleas |
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| insects with 3 pairs of legs, 3 distinct body parts, head, thorax, abdomen |
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