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| - One of three parts of the molluscan body ; bears the internal organs. The other two parts are the food and the head |
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| a body wall fold that secretes the shell |
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| protective chamber created by the overhang of the mantle tissue |
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the comblike structure of the molluscan respitory gills
tegula→ only one ctendia; bipectinate gill (pectin= comb) |
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| - gill structure of generalized mollusc that is attached to the mantle along one edge. Contains muscles, blood vessels, and nerves |
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| generally staggered filaments with an upstream frontal margin, and a downstream abfrontal margin on the opposite side. |
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| a membranous belt that bears transverse rows of teeth and extends over the odontophore |
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| - elongated, muscular, cartilaginous mass on the floor of the buccal cavity |
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| later stage of molluscan development. Has foot, shell, and two lateral ciliated lobes together called the velum which it uses to swim and feed. |
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| : a serous membrane that is layered and surrounds the heart |
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| refers to the “many-plated” organism chiton (8 shell plates) |
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| upper chamber of the heart; where blood enters the heart |
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| similar to mantle cavity, but is on both anterior and posterior end of the chiton, contains the gills |
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| either of the two lower chambers of the heart; - where blood leaves the heart. |
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| the process by which the nervous and sensory tissues become concentrated in the “head” |
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| a class of mollusk with a univalve shell, or none. (snails and slugs) |
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| 180 degree counterclockwise twisting of the visceral mass with respect to the foot. |
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“gill in front of heart” Are completely torted snails with spirally coiled, asymmetrical visceral mass and shell. Mantle cavity, one or more gills (monopectinate), a gonopore, nephridiopore, and anus is located at the anterior of the body
• Only has left atrium , left kidney, left gill, and right gonad.
• Gonochoric, veliger larva |
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| carries blood into the gill |
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| a blood vessel that carries blood OUT of the gill filaments. |
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| like gardenhose on ground, each coil lies completely outside the preceding one |
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| a class of gastropod with a strong tendency to reduce, uncoil, or lose the shell and adopt a secondary bilateral symmetry. |
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| "air breathers"; lung like organs, that can be found on terrestrial snails and some marine slugs. |
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| gills in which there are filaments on only one side of the axis, like teeth on a comb. |
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| asymmetrical helical coiling |
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| evolution caused by the inefficiency of planispiral coiling. asymmetrical coiling, is the coiling of the gastropod's shell/visceral mass where each whorl partially or completely overlaps and encloses the preceding whorl. the shell is extended to the right of the body, and the visceral mass is shifted to the left to maintain balance. |
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| gills in which there are filaments on both sides of the axis. (2 total) |
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| "first gill" ; small gills that form on the posterior end of bivalves. |
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| any of the bivalve mollusk of the class lamellibranchia that includes clams, mussels, scallops and oysters |
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| - binds a molecule of oxygen between a pari of copper atoms; it is like blue when oxygenated and colorless when deoxygenated. Respiratory pigment. |
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| the circulating fluid in open tissue spaces of invertabrates. May act as blood in arthropods or be an addition to blood as in earthworms. |
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| a system which fluid (hemolymph) in the cavity, hemocoel, bathes the organs in oxygen and nutrients. its hard to distinguish between the blood and interstitial fluid. |
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| also called the lamellibranch, which are a group of mollusk with two shells hinged together, a soft body, and lamallate gills; such as clams, mussels, scallops, and oysters |
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| : one of three layers of the mantle of bivalvia that runs parallel to the shell from the anterior to the posterior of the bivalve |
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| the simple eye plan found in certain invertebrates having only one single lens and few sensory cells. |
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| an elongated and often segmented appendage usually found near the mouth of an invertebrate of functions which include sensation, locomotion, and feeding. sorts mineral and organic particles |
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| works together to open (abduct) and close (adduct) the vavles |
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| draws in water and allows for the transferring of oxygen into the body |
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| releases the water from the body. |
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| a sensory organ unique to chitons, consist of groups of epidermal cells specialized for sensory reception, secretion and support |
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| part of the digestive system of bivalves and some gastropods that contains digestive enzymes instead of mucous. |
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| what holds the two valves of a bivalve together. (hinge ligament) |
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| describe the nervous system found in some mollusks where there are 4 nerve cords. a pair of nerve cords that extend from the pedal ganglia into the foot (pedal nerve cord) and two visceral nerve cords that run from the nervering to the visceral ganglion. |
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| a cross structure formed by blastomeres cells forming 4 arms that extend outward along radial lines drawn though the rosette cells |
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| Sister taxa of the gastropod. includes the nautilus, cuttlefish, squids, and octopods. Ceph's are carnivorous. |
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| : a portion of the mantle skirt which gives the gastropod selectivity in choosing the source of respiratory waterand allows it to test the water ahead, before crawling in. |
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| pumps blood to the body and two ausxiliary branchial hearts. Its heavily muscularized with a centran vetntricle and a pair of atria (one for each gill) |
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| : marine mollusk that are highly elongated dorsal-ventrally and resemble a tooth. they inhabit a tubular shell and with an opening at each end, they have a radula, but lacks gills. |
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| : provides the gills with pressurized blood. |
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| a derived eye with a crystalilne lens capable of focusing light. Can be seen in in Cephalopods |
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| the development of the coely from the embryonic gut. the process in which coelom and mesoderm is formed. |
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| a class of mollusk with a cap-like shell |
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| deuterostomous development: |
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| a tubular, excretory structure in certain invertebrates.consists of a hollow cell located in the body cavity and a duct leading from it to an exterior opening, called a nephridiopore |
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| : the division of embryonic cells radially, resulting in equal parts |
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| a phylum consisting of segmented worms. Somites are the individual ring segments |
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| : nephridia are invertebrate organs which function similar to kidneys. They remove metabolic wastes from an animal's body. metanephridium consist of a tubular structure lined with cilia which opens |
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| : the end division of the body of a trilobite or of certain annelids, crustaceans, or insects |
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| symmetry in this respect, arthropods are built like humans are; the right half of an arthropod is a mirror image of its left half...its left/right symmetry |
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| is the property of having repeated segments, as in annelids; |
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| is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. |
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| : is a fluid-filled cavity formed within the mesoderm. It also allows organs to grow independently off the body wall. This can be seen in the digestive tract of earthworms and other annelids, which is suspended within the body in a mesentery derived from a mesoderm-lined coelom |
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| : is the first body segment inannelid worms. It is in front of (but does not include) the mouth, being usually a small shelf- or lip-like extension over the dorsal side of the mouth. It sometimes bears antennae and eyes. It often functions like a kind of overlip when the animal is feeding. The prostomium often also has appendages such as palps and tentaclesor cirri. |
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is a biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cellbodies.
a center of intellectual or industrial force, activity, etc. |
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| the outer, nonvascular, nonsensitive layer ofthe skin, covering the true skin or corium |
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| a bristle or seta, especially of a chaetopod. |
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| a bristle or seta, especially of a chaetopod. |
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| typically paired appendages at the tip of the abdomen, usually having sensory functions. |
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| is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom |
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| The first section behind the prostomium, |
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| paired, un-jointed lateral outgrowths from the bodies of annelids, serving many functions depending on the species. |
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a fluid filled cavity , the coelom,
surrounded by a muscular structure in soft-bodied invertebrates |
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| an anterior chamber that recieves the food and may bear teeth. |
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| a filament or slender appendage serving as a foot,tentacle, |
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| a filament or slender appendage serving as a foot,tentacle, |
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| one of the slender, sharp stylets embedded in theparapodia of certain annelid worms, as the polychaetes |
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| one of the slender, sharp stylets embedded in theparapodia of certain annelid worms, as the polychaetes |
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| the tube or cavity, with its surrounding membrane and muscles,that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus |
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| an opening in the mid-dorsal part of nearly every segment in many annelids by which the body cavity is placed in communication with the exterior |
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| Epitoky is a form of reproductionobserved in polychaete marine worms. The worms undergo a partial or complete transformation into an epitoke, a pelagic morphcapable of sexual reproduction. Often an epitoke is the posterior part of the worm, which separates from the anterior part (called the atoke); gametes are produced inside the epitoke. |
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| is a type of free-swimming planktonic marinelarva with several bands ofcilia. |
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| is a process by which embryos develop. Animals which develop through schizocoely are known as schizocoelomates. Schizocoely occurs when a coelom (body cavity) is formed by splitting the mesodermalembryonic tissue |
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1. (of hermaphrodite or monoecious plants) maturing the anthersbefore the stigma
2. Compare protogynous (of hermaphrodite animals) producing malegametes before female gametes |
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| One of a series of glands that secrete calcium carbonate into the esophagus of certain oligochaetes |
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| a thickened saddle-like region of epidermis in earthworms andleeches whose secretions bind copulating worms together andlater form a cocoon around the eggs |
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| an in-folding along the inner wall of the intestine. |
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| : Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the neural side, as in most invertebrates. |
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| animal that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes |
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| organism that has either male or female reproductive organs |
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| having male and female reproductive organs in the same animal |
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| 350 species, have two coelomic compartment the trunk coelome and the head region, that can be withdrawn into the trunk. They are deposite feeders, have J shaped gut, some have caudal (tail) , lack circulatory system |
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| The segments develop one at a time from a growth zone just ahead of the pygidium, so that an annelid's youngest segment is just in front of the growth zone while the peristomium is the oldest. |
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| An ascus (plural asci; from Greek ἀσκός "skin bag") is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi |
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is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal,
anal sac The most common usage is to refer to the tubular feeding and sucking organ of certain invertebrates |
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| protostomous development: |
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| development of the mouth (protostome) |
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| The statocyst is a balance organ present in some aquatic invertebrates (Cnidarians, Ctenophores,Bilaterians). It consists of a sac-like structure containing a mineralised mass (statolith) and numerous innervated sensory hairs (setae). |
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| form a very large group of arthropods, usually treated as a subphylum, which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill and barnacles |
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| Body segment, and the creation of a body segment. a tagma (plural tagmata) is a specialized grouping of arthropod segments, such as the head, the thorax, and the abdomen with a common function.[1] The segments of a tagma may be either fused or moveable. |
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| one of 3 subphyla of arthropoda Uniramia is characterized by uniramous (single-branching) appendages, one pair of antennae and two pairs of mouthparts |
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| is a clade of arthropods that comprises the extant subphyla Myriapoda (millipedes and others),Crustacea and Hexapoda |
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| the jaws that characterize the mandibulata subphyla of arthropoda |
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| A body cavity in arthropods and molluscs that is a blood-filled, expanded portion of the circulatory system. Unlike the coelom, which is small in arthropods and molluscs, the hemocoelum does not communicate with the exterior and never contains gametes |
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| : one of the paired appendages immediately behind the mandibles of arthropods. |
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| One of the tiny light-sensitive parts of the compound eye of insects and other arthropods. An ommatidium resembles a single simplified eye. |
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| one of the jointed, movable, sensory appendages occurring in pairs on the heads of insects and most other arthropods |
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| : an arthropod eye subdivided into many individual, light-receptive elements, each including a lens, a transmitting apparatus, and retinal cells. |
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| One of the internal respiratory tubes of insects and some other terrestrial arthropods. |
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| a ridgelike ingrowth of the exoskeleton of an arthropod that supports the internal organs and provides the attachment points for the muscles. These structures are composed of chitin, and are approximately 6 times as strong and twice as stiff as vertebrate tendons. Similar to tendons, apodemes can stretch to store elastic energy for jumping, notably in locusts |
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| large division of Articulata, embracing all those that have jointed legs. It includes Insects, Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and Crustacea |
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| The internal or principal branch of the locomotive appendages of Crustacea it’s the the inner or medial branch of a two-branched crustacean leg or appendage. |
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| : the outer or lateral branch of a two-branched crustacean leg or appendage |
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| : the outer or lateral branch of a two-branched crustacean leg or appendage |
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| (in decapod crustaceans) either of the pair of appendages bearing a chela. “claws” |
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| consisting of or divided into two branches: a biramous appendage. The appendages of arthropods may be either biramous or uniramous. A uniramous limb comprises a single series of segments attached end-to-end. A biramous limb, however, branches into two, and each branch consists of a series of segments attached end-to-end. |
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| : the anterior part of the body in certain arachnids and crustaceans, consisting of the coalesced head and thorax |
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| an abdominal limb of an arthropod, especially one of those on either side of the telson, as in a lobster |
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| self amputation is the act whereby an animal severs one or more of its own appendages,[1] usually as a self-defense mechanism designed to elude a predator's grasp. The lost body part may be regenerated later. |
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| appendages of crustaceans) consisting of a single branch; undivided |
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| A chamber or cavity containing the gills of fish |
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| The telson is the last division of the body of arthropod |
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| One of the classes of Arthropoda |
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| - excretory organ that are endodermal and arise from the midgut of an arachinid. It evolved to deal with the end product of nitrogen metabolism |
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| A larval form of crabs and other decapod crustaceans, characterized by one or more spines on the carapace and rudimentary limbs on the abdomen and thorax |
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| gas exchange organ formed from sclerotized invaginations of the exoskeleton, which is thought to have evolved from book gills when aquatic arachnids colonized land. Gases move in and out of atrium by diffusion through spiracle. Spiders have two pairs of book lungs. |
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| one of the 3 body tagma, It bears the eyes, mouthparts, and antenna. It’s a head skeleton that encloses and protects the soft inner tissues in head |
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| either of the second pair of appendages of an arachnid (as a spider) that are borne near the mouth and are often modified for a special (as sensory |
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| The chelicerae are mouth parts of the Chelicerata, an arthropod subphylum that includes arachnids, Merostomata (horseshoe crabs), and Pycnogonida. often specialized as fangs. |
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| a subclass of insects that includes the winged insects. It also includes insect orders that are secondarily wingless (that is, insect groups whose ancestors once had wings but that have lost them as a result of subsequent evolution). |
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| : In crustaceans the larva, called nauplius, does not differ substantially in mode of life or means of locomotion from the adult but has fewer appendages |
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| : shedding in arthropods and related groups |
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| a lip or liplike part, such as the cuticular plate forming the upper lip of insects. |
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| a class of marine arthropods ; sea spiders |
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| a subphylum of arthropods, consisting of 6-legged individuals. Insects. |
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| also known as Hemipterodea, are a superorder of insects of the subclass Pterygota in the infraclass Neoptera, in which the young resemble adults but have externally-developing wings. They undergo a modest change between immature and adult, without going through a pupal stage. The nymphs develop gradually into adults through a process of moulting. |
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| refers to insects that are completely metamorophosized. is a term applied to insect groups to describe the specific kind of insect development which includes four life stages |
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| refers to insects that aren’t completely metamorphisized. Juveniles that are not sexually mature. |
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