Term
| What are the Biomedical Therapies? |
|
Definition
- Drug therapies
- Brain Stimulation
- Psychosurgery
- Therapeutic Lifestyle Change
|
|
|
Term
| A long time ago, was treating psychological disorders cruel or kind? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did reformers do about the way people treated psychological disorders? |
|
Definition
| Reformers (people who wanted to change things) helped get mental hospitals constructed (although since 1950 people have been treated more in their communities than in big mental hospitals). |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between Psychotherapy and Biomeducal Therapy? |
|
Definition
Psychotherapy involves going to talk to a trained therapist.
Biomedical Therapy involves prescribed medications or medical procedures (such as operations).
|
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 main types of Psychological Therapies? |
|
Definition
- Psychoanalytic
- Humanistic
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
|
|
|
Term
| Who created Psychoanalysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 main goals of Psychoanalysis? |
|
Definition
- Bring the patient' repressed or disowned feelings into conscious awareness (help them be remembered)
- Help the patient better understand what caused their problems (their disorder) so they can take responsibility for their own growth
|
|
|
Term
| What are 2 main techniques of Psychoanalysis? |
|
Definition
- Free association
- Transference
|
|
|
Term
Psychoanalysis
What is Free Association? |
|
Definition
| Free Association is talking about whatever comes into your head to reveal resistance (unconscious blocking of things that make you anxious) using the ideas of the psychoanalyst (their interpretation) |
|
|
Term
Psychoanalysis
What is Resistance? |
|
Definition
| Resistance is the blocking out of your mind and memory of things that make you feel anxious. |
|
|
Term
Psychoanalysis
What is Transference? |
|
Definition
| Transference is when the patient feels emotions about the therapist that really are coming from how the patient feels about some other relationship. |
|
|
Term
Psychoanalysis
Do therapists use Psychoanalysis in the United States now? |
|
Definition
| No, because its theories are not well supported, interpretations can not be proven or disproven, and it takes years of sessions. |
|
|
Term
| How do Psychodynamic Therapies work? |
|
Definition
| Psychodynamic Therapies try to help people understand their symptoms by finding common things that have happened or ways people feel both from when they were a child, their current relationships and in their relationship with the therapist. |
|
|
Term
| How do Humanistic Therapies work? |
|
Definition
| Humanistic Therapies work by helping patients become who they want by becoming more self-aware and by having more self-acceptance. |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 ways Humanistic Therapies are different from Psychoanalytic therapies? |
|
Definition
- Focus on growth not curing illness
- Help patients take immediate responsibility for what they do and feel
- What is going on in their mind (conscious thoughts) is more important than what is going on in their unconscious
- The present and future is more important than the past
|
|
|
Term
| Who created Client-Centered Therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 main parts of Client-Centered Therapy? |
|
Definition
- Active listening
- Unconditional Positive Regard (being totally accepting and supportive no matter what the patient says)
|
|
|
Term
Client-Centered Therapy
What are the 3 main parts of Active Listening? |
|
Definition
- repeating what the patient says in your own words
- asking for the patient to be clearer and to give examples
- say what feelings the patient is describing (example: "It sounds frustrating.")
|
|
|
Term
| What do Behavior Therapies think about self-awareness? |
|
Definition
| Self-awareness doesn't really help people heal. |
|
|
Term
| What do Behavior Therapies think causes problem behaviors? |
|
Definition
| Behavior Therapies think problem behavior comes from conditioned responses (automatic responses a person has been trained to do). |
|
|
Term
| How do Behavior Therapies change problem behaviors? |
|
Definition
| Behavior Therapies change bad behaviors by using Counterconditioning. |
|
|
Term
Behavior Therapies
What is Counterconditioning? |
|
Definition
Counterconditioning is matches what used to happen before a problem behavior (called the trigger stimulus) with a new, positive response.
Example: If bells make a person stressed out, using Counterconditioning a person might be massaged while listening to relaxing music whenever they heard a bell which would help them to feel relaxed when bells would ring in the future. |
|
|
Term
| How do Exposure Therapies help treat anxiety? |
|
Definition
| Exposure Therapies help treat anxiety by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid. |
|
|
Term
Exposure Therapies
What is Systematic Desensitization? |
|
Definition
Systematic Desensitization connects a relaxed state with things that cause more and more anxiety so the person can adjust and feel less anxiety.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy does this with a virtual reality machine (if a person were afraid of flying, the machine would make it seem like they were on a plane and then flying, slowly helping them to adjust). |
|
|
Term
| What is Aversive Conditioning? |
|
Definition
Aversive Conditioning connects (associates) an unpleasant state with some behavior you want to change.
Example: If you want to stop eating donuts, you might always force yourself to smell poop whenever a donut is around until you no longer want to eat donuts. |
|
|
Term
| How does Behavior Modification help change behavior? |
|
Definition
| Behavior Modification reinforces (rewards) behaviors that are good and ignores or punishes behaviors that are bad. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Token Economy is a Behavior Modification system where people earn tokens (fake money) for good behavior which they can later use to get things they want. |
|
|
Term
| How do Cognitive Therapies work? |
|
Definition
Cognitive Therapies work by teaching people new better ways of thinking and acting when something bad happens to try to help with depression or anxiety.
For example, if a person loses her job, instead of thinking that she sucks, she might learn to think that her boss sucks and she deserves better. |
|
|
Term
| How did Aaron Beck's type of Cognitive Therapy help a person? |
|
Definition
| Aaron Beck used gentle questions to show people irrational (mistaken) thinking about themselves and their lives so that they would start to look at things more positively. |
|
|
Term
Cognitive Therapy
How do you "talk back" to negative thoughts? |
|
Definition
When you think something negative, talk to yourself and say something positive instead.
Example: You think, "I will never pass."
Tell yourself, "I studied and I am ready to take the test." |
|
|
Term
| What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? |
|
Definition
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is a combination of Cognitive Therapy and Behavior Therapy. |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 advantages of Group Therapy? |
|
Definition
- It is a relief to find others share your problems
- In group therapy, you receive feedback (what other people think) as you try out new behaviors
|
|
|
Term
| How is a person's bad behaviors thought of in Family Therapy? |
|
Definition
| In Family Therapy a person's bad behaviors are seen as being influenced by or being done to other family members. |
|
|
Term
| Do patients say they are satisfied with Psychotherapy? |
|
Definition
| Yes, about 90% of the time but just because they were satisfied it does not mean that the therapy helped. |
|
|
Term
| Does science (in randomized clinical trials) show that psychotherapy works? |
|
Definition
| Yes. Studies show people who do therapy are more likely to improve than those people who do not. |
|
|
Term
| Which type of psychotherapy works best? |
|
Definition
| There is not one type that works best. Some types of therapy seem to work better for some types of problems. |
|
|
Term
| List 5 types of therapies that science has not shown to work. |
|
Definition
- Energy therapies
- Recovered-memory therapies
- Rebirthing therapies
- Facilitated communication
- Crisis debriefing
|
|
|
Term
| What are 3 ways psychotherapies help people? |
|
Definition
- Give hope to demoralized (sad or depressed) people
- Give a new view of oneself and the world
- Provide a trusting, caring relationship with the therapist
|
|
|
Term
| Is it important for a psychotherapist to be similar to his/her patients? |
|
Definition
| Not necessarily, but big differences in things like religion or values could become a problem. |
|
|
Term
Different Types of Psychotherapists
What is a Clinical Psychologist? |
|
Definition
| Clinical Psychologists are usually psychologists with a Ph.D. plus supervised internship experience. About half work in agencies or institutions (like hospitals or schools) and about half work in private practice. |
|
|
Term
Different Types of Psychotherapists
What is a Psychiatrists? |
|
Definition
| Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders and since the are medical doctors, can prescribe medicine. |
|
|
Term
Different Types of Psychotherapists
What is a Clinical or Psychiatric Social Worker? |
|
Definition
| A Clinical or Psychiatric Social Worker is someone who completed a social work program graduate with some supervised training afterwards who helps people with everyday problems. |
|
|
Term
Different Types of Psychotherapists
What is a Counselor? |
|
Definition
| A Counselor is usually someone with specific training, such as a marriage counselor, a family counselor or a pastoral (religious) counselor, who helps people with their problems. |
|
|
Term
Drug Therapies
Has the use of Drug Therapies been increasing or decreasing? |
|
Definition
| The use of Drug Therapies has been increasing, especially since patients were let out of mental hospitals in the 1960's. |
|
|
Term
Drug Therapies
What is the Placebo Effect? |
|
Definition
The Placebo Effect is when a person gets better because they think a drug is helping them, but since they are not really taking a drug, they are getting better because they believe in the drug.
|
|
|
Term
| What is a Double Blind study? |
|
Definition
| A Double Blind study is when neither the scientist nor the patient knows if the patient is getting a real drug or just a sugar pill. It is used so that the effectiveness of a medication can be tested to see if it is more effective than a sugar pill (which will work some of the time because of the Placebo Effect). |
|
|
Term
Drug Therapies
Do Antipsychotic Drugs work? |
|
Definition
| Antipsychotic Drugs can work, but they are more useful in treating positive symptoms (like hallucinations) than negative symptoms (like not caring about anything--apathy). These drugs also often have powerful bad side effects. |
|
|
Term
Drug Therapies
Do Antianxiey Drugs work? |
|
Definition
| Antianxiety Drugs can work, but they may not fix the problem underneath, which may need to be talked about in addition to the patient getting the medication. |
|
|
Term
Drug Therapies
What are 3 examples of Antidepressant Drugs? |
|
Definition
- Prozac
- Zoloft
- Paxil
All of these are SSRIs, Selective-Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitors which keep more Serotonin in the synapses of the brain which makes people feel good. |
|
|
Term
Drug Therapies
What are Mood-Stabilizing Medications. |
|
Definition
Mood-Stabilizing Medications evens out the highs and lows people feel, as with bipolar disorder.
Examples of Mood-Stabilizing Medications: Depakote and lithium. |
|
|
Term
Brain Stimulation
What is Electroconvulsive Therapy? |
|
Definition
| Electroconvulsive Therapy sends an electric current (like a shock) through the brain of a sleeping patient. It can help treat severe depression for patients when drug therapies don't work for them. |
|
|
Term
Brain Stimulation
What are 3 Alternative Neurostimulation Therapies? |
|
Definition
- Vagus nerve stimulation
- Deep-brain stimulation
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Psychosurgery is surgery that removes or destroys part of the brain to try to change a person's behavior.
Example: Lobotomy |
|
|
Term
Psychosurgery
What is a Lobotomy? |
|
Definition
| A Lobotomy is a type of Psychosurgery where nerves are cut in the frontal lobes of the brain. This made people uncreative and lose feeling and so is no longer done. |
|
|
Term
| What is Therapeutic Life-Style Change? |
|
Definition
| Therapeutic Life-Style Change involves patients being more active (exercise) and/or being more social (connectin with other people) to help them become less depressed and anxious. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resilience is personal strength that helps people deal with stress and recover from difficult events. |
|
|
Term
| What is Post-Traumatic Growth? |
|
Definition
Post-Traumatic Growth is the way people improve themselves after a challenging crises.
Example: After surviving cancer, people often appreciate life more and have better relationships with people. |
|
|
Term
| What is Preventive Mental Health? |
|
Definition
Preventive Mental Health seeks to get rid of the things that cause psychological problems.
Examples: Getting rid of stress by not letting a person lose their job or be discriminated against. |
|
|
Term
| What is Community Psychology/Mental Health? |
|
Definition
| Community Psychology/Mental Health is the effort to create places which support people's success and well-being. |
|
|
