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Introductory Concepts
PT 512
84
Anatomy
Graduate
09/04/2014

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Cards

Term
Point from which all movements are described
Definition
anatomic reference point
Term
[image]
Definition
Anatomic Reference
Term
Superior
Definition
Closer to head
Term
Cranial
Definition
Closer to head
Term
Inferior
Definition
Closer to feet
Term
Caudal
Definition
closer to feet
Term
Anterior
Definition
front of body
Term
Ventral
Definition
front of body
Term
Posterior
Definition
back of body
Term
dorsal
Definition
back of body
Term
medial
Definition
towards midline
Term
lateral
Definition
away from midline
Term
proximal
Definition
towards trunk
Term
distal
Definition
away from trunk
Term
[image]
Definition
sagittal plane
Term
[image]
Definition
frontal plane
Term
[image]
Definition
transverse plane
Term
what is another name for the sagittal plane
Definition
median plane
Term
What is another name for the frontal plane
Definition
coronal, lateral
Term
What is another name for the transverse plane
Definition
horizontal
Term
what is kinematics
Definition
study of joint motion
Term
What are the two major types of kinematics
Definition
osteo-, arthro-
Term
what are examples of osteokinematics
Definition
flexion, abduction, lateral flexion of trunk
Term
movement between two joint surfaces
Definition
arthrokinematics
Term
osteokinematics
Definition
movement between two bones and their mechanical axis which is parallel to the plane of movement
Term
What are the three movements of arthokinematics
Definition
roll, slide, spin
Term
Arthrokinematics: Roll
Definition
points of contact on each surface constantly moving
Term
Arthrokinematics: slide
Definition
one point on moving surface contacts multiple points on opposing surface
Term
Arthrokinematics: spin
Definition
rotation of one surface on an opposing surface around a longitudinal axis
Term
abnormal arthrokinematics may result in what
Definition
impingement, dislocation
Term
If a concave surface moves on a convex surface, roll and slide occur in the ______ direction
Definition
same
Term
if a convex surface moves on a concave surface, roll and slide occur in the ______ direction
Definition
opposite
Term
Concave-Convex rule: Hip Flexion: Joint Shapes
Definition
conVEX femoral head, conCAVE acetabulum
Term
Concave-Convex rule: Hip Flexion: Which rule?
Definition
convex on concave
Term
resting position
Definition
position for each joint in which the joint surfaces are least congruent
Term
This allows for maximal joint movement
Definition
resting position
Term
This is where most mobilization techniques are performed
Definition
resting position
Term
Resting position results in what between the joint surfaces
Definition
distraction
Term
What is joint distraction?
Definition
separation of joint surfaces without displacement or rupture of ligaments
Term
Position for each joint in which the joints are maximally congruent
Definition
close-packed position
Term
This limits joint movement
Definition
close-packed position
Term
This produces compression between the joint surfaces
Definition
close-packed position
Term
If active and passive motions are limited/painful in the same direction, the lesion is in the
Definition
inert tissue
Term
If active and passive motions are limited/painful in the opposite direction, the lesion is in the
Definition
contractile tissue
Term
capsular pattern of restriction
Definition
limitation of pain and movement in a joint specific ratio
Term
usually present with arthritis, prolonged immobilization, ex frozen shoulder
Definition
capsular pattern of restriction
Term
non-capsular pattern of restriction
Definition
limitation in a joint in any pattern other than a capsular one
Term
May indicate the presence of either a derangement, a restriction of one part of the joint capsule, or an extra-articular lesion, that obstructs joint motion
Definition
non-capsular pattern of restriction
Term
Example of non-capsular joint restriction
Definition
torn meniscus
Term
quality of resistance felt by the clinician at end range
Definition
end feel
Term
Used to assess the joint and contractile tissues
Definition
end feel
Term
Capsular end feel
Definition
firm, leathery with slight give
Term
What is an example of normal capsular end feel
Definition
shoulder rot
Term
What is an example of abnormal capsular end feel
Definition
adhesive capsulitis
Term
Hard capsular end feel
Definition
no or little give to stress
Term
soft capsular end feel
Definition
similar to normal but painful
Term
Normal Bony end feel
Definition
abrupt halt to movement
Term
What is an example of a normal bony end feel
Definition
elbow extension
Term
Abnormal bony end feel resulting in movement loss may be associated with what
Definition
later stages of degenerative joint disease, malunion of bony segments
Term
abnormal soft-tissue approximation end feel
Definition
early in range due to muscle hypertrophy
Term
examples of normal soft-tissue approximation
Definition
elbow flexion, knee flexion
Term
muscular end feel
Definition
rubbery, less abrupt than a capsular end feel
Term
example of muscular end feel
Definition
extremes of straight leg raise
Term
muscle spasm end feel
Definition
abrupt stop to movement with some rebound
Term
Muscle spasm are usually the result of what?
Definition
reflexive muscle contraction guard against further movement
Term
Springy end feel is associated with what
Definition
non-capsular block to movement
Term
Springy end feel is due to what?
Definition
loose body or displaced meniscus
Term
Empty end feel
Definition
no restriction to movement, movement stopped by patient due to pain
Term
Empty end feel is often associated with what?
Definition
acute bursitis, neoplasm
Term
strength testing: strong and painless
Definition
normal finding
Term
strength testing: strong an dpainful
Definition
minor lesion is present
Term
strength testing: strong and painful, usually what?
Definition
tendon
Term
strength testing: weak and painless, cause 1
Definition
neurological involvement
Term
strength testing: weak and painless, cause 2
Definition
rupture of muscle or tendon
Term
strength testing: weak and painless, cause 3
Definition
disuse atrophy must be considered
Term
strength testing: weak and painful (marked), cause 1
Definition
major lesion
Term
strength testing: weak and painful (marked), cause 2
Definition
serious pathology
Term
weak and painful (marked): serious pathology examples
Definition
fracture, neoplasm, acute inflammation
Term
Neurological Testing: type 1
Definition
dermatomes
Term
Neurological Testing: type 2
Definition
myotomes
Term
Neurological Testing: 3
Definition
DTR's
Term
Neurological Testing: 4
Definition
pathological reflexes
Term
DTR
Definition
deep tendon reflex
Term
There is a lot of information on the "Palpation: Why?" slide, so you should probably
Definition
read it
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