Term
Define Acute Inflammation
What are five signs of acute inflammation and what do they stand for. |
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Definition
The initail response of body tissues to local injury.
1. Rubor (redness)
2. Calor (Heat)
3. Tumor (swelling)
4.Dolor (Pain)
5. Loss of Function |
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Term
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Definition
Seen in a very few diseases such as TB, syphilis, sarcoidosis appears as localized area of chronic inflammation, often with central necrosis.
Characteized by an accumalation of macrophages, which can fuse to form giant multinucleated cells. |
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Definition
The accumalation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular spaces or body cavities.
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Term
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Definition
| extreme generalized edema, is a medical condition characterised by widespread swelling of the skin due to effusion of fluid into the extracellular space |
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Definition
| interference with the blood suply to an organ or part of an organ, depriving the organs cells and tissues of nutrients. |
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Definition
Localized area of ischemic necrosis withins a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of either its arterial supply or its venous drainage.
Almost all infarts result from thrombotic or embolic occlusion |
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Definition
| A progression of ichemia where infarct leads to necrosis, progressing to multiple and sever arterial disease with loss of extremities. |
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Definition
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Definition
Blood accumalation trapped within boddy tissues.
Hemothorax, hemopericardium, hemoperitoneum, hemoarthosis |
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Definition
| Minimal Hemorrahages in the skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces. |
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Definition
| Slightly larger hemorrhages than petechiae |
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Term
What is a hemorrhage larger than 1-2 cm called?
Give 3 Names |
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Definition
Subcautaneous Hematoma
Bruise
and
ecchymosis |
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Term
| How much blood volume loss lead to clinical significance? |
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Definition
| Sudden losses up to 20% or slow losses of up to even lager amounts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Define a benign tumor (neoplasm) |
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Definition
| Closley resemble thier cells of origin in structure and function, are localized without spread, and may be surgicallly removed. |
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Term
| Define a malignant Neoplasm |
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Definition
| The invade destroy adjacent structures and distant sites, are poorly differentiated so that it may not be known the site of origin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignant Neoplasms of epithelial tissues, skin, and mucous membranes lining the body cavities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly malignant tumors arising from connective tissues, such as bone, muscle, and cartilage. Less common but tend to spread more rapidly |
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Term
| How does the rate of growth correlate with the level of parenchymal diferention in tumors. |
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Definition
Inversly
Well differentiated tumors tend to grow slowly and where bizarre undifferentiated tumors grow rapidly. |
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Term
How many Chromosomes are on each human cell.
How many are sex related |
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Definition
46 on each cell with 23 pairs, 44 are autosomes and 2 are sex (x,y) chromosomes.
xy male
xx female |
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Term
What does grading refer to in malignant tumors.
What does staging refer to? |
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Definition
Gradig asseses aggressiveness, or degree of malignacy. Allows theraputic responsiveness to theraputic agents
Staging refers to extensiveness of tumor at its primary site and the prescense or absence of metastases to other areas. THis determines most appropriate therapy. |
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Definition
| Study of determinants of disease events in given populations. |
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Definition
| Rate thath an illness or abnormality occurs |
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Definition
| Reflects the number of deaths by disease per population |
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Term
What is homozygous ?
Heterozygous? |
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Definition
Means genes are inherited from each parent for the same for a particular trait.
If they differ they are heterozygous |
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Term
| What is an autosomal dominant disorder |
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Definition
affect females and males and both can transmit, an affected with an unaffected individual will have half of children with disorder
disorders transmitted by dna mutations from one generation to the next.
achondroplasia, neurofibromoatosis, marfans syndrome, famiial hypercholesterolemia |
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Term
| What is autosomal recessive disorder |
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Definition
| Person must be homozygous for the defective gene. Trait does not usually affect parents, although childern may show disese. Siblings on avg. have a one in four chance of showing the disease with 2 in four bing carriers. |
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Term
| Which sex gene usually carries genetic disorders |
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Definition
x chromosome because y is smaller and carries less genes, so most of the conditions are transmitted by heterozygous females with only two sons who have only the single affected x chromosome. Sons have a one in two chance f recievieng the affected gene
Virtually all sex linked disorders are recessive |
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Term
| What role do mast cells play in immunity |
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Definition
| Mast cells release a histamine, causing local increase in vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction |
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Term
Describe a generalized analphylactic reaction
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Definition
hyptotension, and vascular collapse(shock) with ulticaria, bronchiolar spasm, and laryngeal edema
Hypersensitivity causes sudden death |
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