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| Shi'as commemorate the Battle of Karbala by marching through the streets, cutting themselves and whipping themselves. At the battle, Husayn, the grandson of Mohammad was defeated and killed. Shi'as consider him a martyr. |
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| 3 Qualification for prophets |
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Definition
Wahy -- divine grace, special quality of inspiration;
Moral qualifications -- pious, faithful, and truthful, noble character
Ability to do miracles -- credited for some form of miracles; superior to "ordinary" miracles performed by saints. |
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| Divine (high) gracee, special quality of inpsiration. A qualification for prophethood. |
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| 1st Caliph after Mohammed's death. Said to be the 2nd person to accept Islam, and the first outside of Mohammed's own family. |
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| Union of the two natures of Christ to form the God-man. |
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| 4th Caliph; He was Muhammad's son-in-law. Shi'as considered him the rightful heir, since his was the closest family ties to Muhammed himself. Sunnis see him as the fourth and final "rightly-guided Caliph" and Shi'as consider him the first infallible Imam. |
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| Two natures in Christ, both distinct and separate. The human and divine natures exited in Jesus side-by-side. |
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| Denied deity of Christ. Jesus was the first and noblest of God's creation, and was almost God but not quite. |
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| Christian monk who saw a makr of the "seal" of prophethood on Mohammed. |
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| Deputy of the prophet; served more as kings than religious/spiritual leaders. |
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| Those who did not convert to Islam, and so entered a contract with their Muslim rulers. |
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| The collection of more than 150,000 stories concerning Muhammed and his followers. "Hadith" means narration--they are things that people narrated. |
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| The pilgrimage to Mecca and the Ka'ba. This is one of the pillars of Islam. |
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| Ali's oldest son and next Caliph. He was defeated by Muawiyah. |
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| According to Twelver Shi'as, Imam Hujjat al-Mahdī (المهدى) (or Hujjat ibn Hasan ibn Ali) is the twelfth Imam and the Mahdi, the ultimate savior of humankind. Shi'as believe God hid him, and will reveal him again with Jesus bringing peace to the world. |
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| The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina. Marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. |
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| An emanation or ray of original light--It is a form of revelation from God that is given to a "Wali", a friend of God. It is not equal to the revelation the the prophets received. |
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| A spiritual leader in Sunni Islam; similar to a Bishop of high church leader. In Shi'a Islam, the term refers to one of the twelve Imams, who were appointed by God to give guidance, and are considered infallible. For the Shi'a, the Imam possesses Ilhaam and knowledge, is kept from sin and is a friend of God. He who does not know the Imam of the age cannot be saved, since he receives revelation for the guidance of the people. |
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| The Arabic word for the Gospels of Jesus. |
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| Their names are Munkar and Nakir, and they are responsible for questioning and testing the dead. |
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| Means "submission" and implies a peace that comes by way of submission to God. A "Muslim" is one who submits. |
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| Archangle Israfil will blow the trumpet at that time all humans will perish. His name means "burning one." |
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| The period of darkness or ignorance before the light of Islam and the revelation to Muhammed. |
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| The tax paid by Dhimmis for not being a Muslim convert. |
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| (Gabriel) The angel who brings messages of God, especially to Muhammad. |
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| "Striving in the way of God." Striving to overcome evil. Includes everything from overcoming temptations to holy war. |
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| Spirits. They are different from Angels. There are good Jinn and evil Jinn, and both may influence the affairs of men. |
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| Built by Adam, rebuilt by Abraham & Isma'il. In Mohammad's time it was a focal point of paganism and idolatry, housing 360 idols. When Mohammad marched on Mecca, he destroyed the idols and converted it to a place of Islamic worship. Included among the idols were apparently an icon of both Jesus and Mary, which it is said Mohammad did not destroy, though it is not known what happened to them. |
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| The battle was between Husayn, the son of Ali and grandson of Mohammad, who was convinced to claim the caliphate after the death of his brother Hasan, and Yazid, the son of Muawiyya of Ummayyads. Husayn lost and was killed, and is considered a hero and a martyr by Shi'ites. |
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| The first wife of Muhammad. She was wealthy, and hired Muhammad to help handle her trading for her. Later they married. Muhammad married no other women until Khadija, who was much older, had died. |
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| The awaited deliverer of Shi'a Islam. Some Sunni's believe in the Mahdi, but because it only appears in the more questionable Hadiths, many question it. |
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| An angel with charge over Hell. |
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| Claimed to be the promised paraclete (as did Mohammad, later) |
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| The Alexandrian view of Christ. The human and divine natures of Christ were fused into one new single (mono) nature: his human nature was "dissolved like a drop of honey in the sea". |
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| The Umayyad rival of Ali and Hassan, who convinced Hassan to retire from the Caliphate. |
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| the doctrine that Christ exists as two persons, the man Jesus and the divine Son of God, or Logos, rather than as two natures (True God and True Man) of one divine person. |
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| The promised Holy Spirit. Muslims reinterpret passages is the New Testament to infer that it is Muhammad who is being predicted. |
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| Allah's knowledge of the future condition of his creation; Allah's creation of everything in accordance with his knowledge and will. Fate. |
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| The revelation given to Muhammad by an angel from God (Jibril). It includes 114 Suras (chapters) and a total of 624 verses (ayat). It was originally recorded on stones bones, tree leaves, leather and the memories of those who heard it. Later these were collected and written in a single volume. The suras are arranged roughly according to length rather than chronology. |
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| The "reliable one" or "truthful friend" |
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| The prostrate position during prayer. Christian monks in the Arabian peninsula also used this term for their prayer. |
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| The official times of prayer. It is a pillar of Islam, and is to be performed five times a day (dawn, midday, mid-afternoon, sunset, and nightfall). It is done face down, bowing towards Mecca. |
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| The practice of fasting during the month of Ramadhan. It is a pillar of Islam. |
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| "Creed" The statement of Islamic faith and the act of saying it: "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet." A pillar of Islam. By saying this, one officially becomes a Muslim. |
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| A chapter (in the Qur'an). |
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| Muslims believe that Jews and Christians have deliberately corrupted (tahrif) the scritpures they had been given, thus necessitating the Qur'an to correct it. |
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| The act of saying "Allahu Akbar" (God is Great!). |
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Takbir: He is almighty
Tawhid: he is One
Rubb al-'alamiin: Lord of Life, Lord of the worlds.
Transcendent |
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Definition
Belief in God,
Angels,
The books of God,
The prophets,
The judgment of God
The decrees of God (Qadar) |
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| Folk Islam: on infected by the evil eye can unwittingly cause harm to people or things simply by looking at it. |
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| The 2nd Calpih, appointed by Abu Bakr, responsible fo the 1st major expansion of Islam. Under his reign, Islam conquered North Africa and Mesopotamia. |
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| The community/brotherhood of Islam. Ideally, was to replace the tribalism of Arab culture. |
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| 3rd Caliph (644-656). A "man of weak character." It was he who standardized the Qur'an, burning all that did not match to the official copy. |
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| The son of Mu'awwiya and the rival of Husayn, Ali's son. Yazid and his forces fought and killed Husayn and his companions at the Battle of Karbala on the 10th of Muharram. |
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| The Psalms of David, regarded as one of the books of God by Muslims. |
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| Required Alms giving. It is 2-3% of one's income and is given once a year on Eid Al-Fitr, before the morning prayers. It is a pillar of Islam. |
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| Believe that all of creation is inhabited and controlled by Spirits. |
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| Means "remembrance" and often involves repeating the names of Allah, or reciting other material from the Hadith or Qur'an. |
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| Folk Islam includes much that Formal Islam would frown upon. There is much spiritism, animism, and superstition. |
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| The sin of associating anything with God is the grave sin of "Shirk". Since Tawhid is so fundamental to Islamic belief it is very difficult for a Muslim to even consider such concepts of the Trinity as anything but blasphemous. |
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| "Five" - It is the hand shown to ward of the evil eye, a common practice within Folk Islam. It is actually a symbol of hand with an eye in it, and is also known as the "hand of Fatima" |
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| Another Christian theory of Christology which emphasized the unity of God. There were two forms: Modal, which stated that God is one but operates in three "modes", and Adoptionism which stated that Jesus was created, but was adopted into Godhood. |
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| The Islamic view of prophetic revelation--a "sending down." Contrary to the Christian view that God used humans in the inspired writing of scriptures, Tanzil leaves no room for human involvement in the process. |
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| The beginning of the Islamic calendar |
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| 622 AD, Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina (Hijra). |
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| Muhammad's first revelation |
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| Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina |
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| 622 AD - The beginning of the Muslim Calendar. |
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