Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Introduction to Endocrinology2
it's not like the intro to the parents
27
Science
Undergraduate 4
01/15/2009

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Neurotransmitter hormones
Definition
change membrane permeability act on receptor and related proteins to open or close an ion gate elicit an excitatory or inhibitory effect
Term
Metabolic/ Peptide Hormone
Definition
insulin, GI hormones, activates anintracellular enzyme (adenylyl cyclase) which carries on a downstream activity of phosphorylating cAMP, then secondary effects
Term
Metabolic/Peptide Hormones
Definition
activates an intracellular enzyme, which carries on phosphorylating cAMP which carries out secondary effects
Term
Steroid and Thyroid Hormones
Definition
bind intracellular receptors to initiate transcription
Term
Examples of Second messengers
Definition
cAMP, cGMP, Calcium, calmodulin, membrane phospholipid metabolites
Term
Calmodulin
Definition
when calmodulin is saturated with calcium it activates myosin kinase (smooth muscle contraction).
Term
Membrane Phospholipid metabolites
Definition
see slide and ask professor
Term
Thyroxine/Triiodothyronine
Definition
enter multiple cell types, bind hundreds of DNA sites, drive cellular function for days or weeks
Term
G-proteins
Definition
7 transmembrane domain couple receptors to adjacent effector molecules
Term
G protein
Definition
works on adenylate cyclase, Ca2+ calmodulin, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate. a subunit binds GDP inactive form. GTP active form
Term
Adenylyl Cyclase
Definition
results in increased levels of intracellular cAMP levels. cAMP binds to inhibitory regulatory subunit of inactive protein kinase A.
Term
Mechanism of Adenylyl Cyclase
Definition
catalyzes conversion of ATP to cAMP. cAMP activates portein kinase A, which phosphorylates proteins.
Term
Phosphodiesterase
Definition
degrades cAMP to 5'-AMP which is inhibited by caffeine
Term
Steroid/Thyroid Hormone Mechanism
Definition
binds nuclear receptor and conformational change exposing DNA-binding domain. Transcrtiption inititiated.
Term
Avtive form of vitamin D
Definition
1,12-dihydroxycholecalciferol induces Ca2+ binding protein in the intestine
Term
IP3 mechanism
Definition
hormone binds to receptor in cell membrane via G Protein. phospholipase C liberates diacylglycerol and IP3 from membrane lipids. IP3 mobilizes Ca2+ from ER.Ca2+ and diacylglycerol activate protein kinase C phosphorylates proteins.
Term
Ca2+ Calmodulin mechanism
Definition
G-protein mechanism opens Ca2+ channels in ER. Ca2+ binds calmodulin producing physiologic action
Term
Steroid
Definition
based on cholesterol: cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, estrogen.
Term
Thyroid Hormones
Definition
thyroxine, triiodothyronine, epinephrine, norepinephrine
Term
Proteins/peptides
Definition
anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, (ADH, oxytocin). pancreas(insulin, glucagon) and parathyroid
Term
Peptide hormone synthesis
Definition
synthesis occurs on rough endoplasmic reticulum.(rER). and directed by mRNA. preprohormone cleaved to produce prohormone in GA. Hormone produced by further cleaving
Term
Steroid Hormones
Definition
derivatives of cholesterol. large amounts of cholesterol and precursors are stored for enzymatic conversion and secretion upon stimulation
Term
Cholera Toxin
Definition
capable of covalently modifying specific G protein alpha subunits, altering their functional activity
Term
JAK2
Definition
a protein that posseses intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity that is activated by cytokine receptors. association of JAK2 with liganded GH
Term
Nuclear Receptors
Definition
3 domains: 1. amino terminal domain. 2.DNA binding domain 3. carboxyl terminal domain well conserved and
Term
ELISA
Definition
anitbody bound to a surface binds hormone, second antibody binds to hormone. attached to an enzyme that degrades colorimetric substrate to show how much is there
Term
Metabolic clearance
Definition
(rate of disapperance)/(concentration of hormone), represents natural destruction, binding to tissue, excretion via bile, urine. decrease in clearance may signal disease
Supporting users have an ad free experience!