Term
Social Disorganization/Social Ecology
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Definition
Crime stems from certain community or neighborhood characteristics, such as poverty, dilapidated housing, high density & mobility, and high rates of unemployment.
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Term
Strain/Anomie Theory
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Definition
Cultural norms of "success" emphasize goals such as money, status, and power, but the means to obtain this "success" are not equally distributed. Resulting in blocked opportunities, many among the disadvantaged resort to illegal means to achieve "success" which are more available.
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Term
Cultural Deviance
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Definition
Certain subcultures exist within poor communities and foster values, attitudes, beliefs, and norms that run counter to the prevailing middle-class culture. The important factor of this subculture is the absence of fathers, resulting in female-headed households, which tend to be poorer.
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Term
Control/Social Bond Theory
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Definition
| Delinquency persists when a youth's bonds or ties to sicety are weak or broken, especially bonds with family, school, and other institutions. When this occurs, a youth is likely to seek bonds with other groups, including gangs, in order to fulfill his or her needs. (back of card) |
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Term
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Definition
Deliquency is learned over time through association with others, especially gang members. Deliquency results from a process that includes the acquisition of attitudes & values, the instigation of a criminal act based on certain stimuli, and the maintenance or perpetuation of such behavior.
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Term
Labeling Theory
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Definition
Definitions of delinquency and crime stem from differences in power and status in the larger society. Youths without power are most likely to have their behaviors labled as "delinquency." It may be generated, and perpetuated, through negative labeling by significant others and by the judicial system. A person may associate with others similarly labled, such as gangs.
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Term
Critical/Marxist Theory
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Definition
Crime is an inevitable product of social (and racial) inequality brought about by capitalism itself; power is unequally distrubited and those without power often resort to "criminal" means to survive.
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