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Introduction to Cells and Organelles
Concept One
23
Biology
10th Grade
11/09/2010

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Term
Cell
Definition
the most basic unit of life
Term
Tissue
Definition
group of cells that work together to perform a similar function
Term
Organ
Definition
group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions
Term
Organ system
Definition
two or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions
Term
Organism
Definition
any individual living thing
Term
Eukaryotic cell
Definition
cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Term
Prokaryotic cell
Definition
cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Term
Nucleus
Definition
organelle made up of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA
Term
Lysosome
Definition
organelle that contains enzymes
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell
Term
Cilia
Definition
short hairlike structures that cover some or all of the cells surface and help the organism swim and capture food
Term
Cell membrane (lipid bilayer)
Definition
double-layer of phospholipids that form a boundary between a cell and the surrounding enviornment and controls the movement of substances into and out of a cell
Term
nuclear membrane
Definition
the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell
Term
Cell wall
Definition
rigid structure that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi and bacteria
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort and deliver proteins
Term
Endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins
Term
Differentiation
Definition
process by which committed cells aquire the structures and functions of highly specialized cells
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
organelle made up of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy; contains chlorophyll
Term
Ribosome
Definition
organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins
Term
Flagella
Definition
whiplike structure outside of a cell that is used for movement
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and, in some cells, organelles
Term
Organelles
Definition
structures that are specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell
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