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| the core texts or thinkers in an academic field (p. 19). |
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| theory that suggests that the dynamics of society, both of social order and social resistance, are the result of the conflict among different groups (p. 25). |
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| a person’s notion of the common values, norms, and expectations of other people in a society (p. 20). |
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| the hidden, unintended functions of an institution or interaction (p. 24). |
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| analysis focused on large-scale institutional processes (p. 26). |
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| the overt and obvious functions of an institution or interaction (p. 24). |
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| the homogenizing spread of consumerism around the globe (p. 29). |
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| form of solidarity in traditional society, where life is uniform and people are similar and share a common culture and sense of morality (p. 17). |
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| analysis focused on ways in which different groups of people and even individuals construct their identities based on membership in those groups (p. 26). |
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| the belief in evolutionary progress through the application of science (p. 30). |
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| literally, the understanding of many cultures; a way to understand the very different ways that different groups of people approach issues, construct identities, and create institutions that express their needs (p. 26). |
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| form of solidarity in modern society, where there is a division of labor and diverse and conflicting interests, and common values are less obvious (p. 17). |
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| a coherent model of how society works and how individuals are socialized into their roles within it (p. 23). |
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| perspective that suggests that the meaning of social life may not be found in conforming to rigid patterns of development but rather in the creative assembling of interactions and interpretations that enable us to negotiate our way in the world (p. 31). |
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| theory that saw each succeeding society as improving on the one before it (p. 19). |
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| sociological imagination: |
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sees our lives as contextual lives—our individual identities are
sensible only in the social contexts in which we find ourselves (p. 4). |
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| the study of human behavior in society (p. 5) |
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| structural functionalism: |
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| theory that social life consists of several distinct integrated levels that enable the world—and individuals who are within in—to find stability, order, and meaning (p. 23). |
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| theory that examines how an individual’s interactions with his or her environment help people develop a sense of “self” (p. 23). |
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